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Femoral fracture
- Most commonly at neck of femur
- Disruption of medial circumflex femoral a. may result in avascular necrosis of head of femur
- Thigh rotates laterally
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Direction of thigh rotation in dislocation of head of femur
Medial
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Compression of sciatic nerve
Weakness of posterior thigh, leg, and foot muscles
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Attachment of ACL
- Anteromedial aspect of tibia to lateral aspect of femur
- Prevents hyperextension of knee
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"terrible triad"
Injury to ACL, medial meniscus, and tibial collateral ligament
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Ligament torn in inversion ankle sprain
Anterior talofibular part of lateral ligament
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Innervation of posteromedial thigh, posterior leg, and plantar foot
Anterior fibers: obturator and tibial nerves
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Innervation of anterior thigh, anterolateral leg, and dorsal foot
Posterior fibers: femoral and common fibular nerves
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Psoas abscess compresses...?
Femoral nerve
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Femoral nerve lesion presents with...
- Inability to flex thigh at hip and extend leg at knee
- Diminished patellar tendon reflex
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Pelvic fraction lesions...?
Femoral nerve
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Obturator nerve lesion
Inability to adduct hip
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Anterior hip dislocation lesions...?
Obturator nerve
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Posterior hip dislocation lesions...?
Superior or inferior gluteal nerves
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Polio lesions...?
Superior gluteal nerve
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Superior gluteal nerve lesion
- Inability to abduct thigh at hip
- Px will have Trendelenburg ("waddling") gait, where pelvis sags on contralateral side
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Inferior gluteal nerve lesion
- Loss of lateral rotation and extension of thigh at hip
- Inability to climp stairs or rise from seated position
- Pxs have "gluteus maximus gait," where torso leans back to compensate for loss of hip extension
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Tibial nerve lesion in gluteal region
Loss of knee and plantar flexion
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Tibial nerve lesion at ankle
- Occurs at tarsal tunnel, adjacent to medial malleolus
- Pain and paresthesia in sole of foot
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Trauma to lateral aspect of leg
Common peroneal/fibular nerve injury
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Fracture of kneck of fibula
Common peroneal nerve injury (most common LE injury)
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Common peroneal nerve injury
Footdrop
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Inability to stand in toes
- Tibial nerve injury
- (TIP--Tibial Inverts adn Plantarflexes)
- May result from knee trauma
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