Emergency Medical Care

What is HBV?
A. A disease
B. A vaccine
C. A type of respirator
D. A virus

What is the term for the discoloring of the parts of a deceased person’s body closest to the ground?
A. Port mortem coagulation
B. Death rattle
C. Myasthenia gravis
D. Dependent lividity

What can be said about the victim vomiting during CPR?
A. It is rare.
B. It is common.
C. It is a sign CPR is working.
D. It is a sign CPR is failing.

What is the usual cure for shock?
A. Simply lying still for a few minutes
B. Returning the body temperature to normal
C. Surgical repair
D. Reassurance

Of what relevance is the fact that some forms of tuberculosis are emerging that are resistant to drugs?
A. It makes the disease more dangerous.
B. This development is of no consequence.
C. It makes the diseasemore expensive to treat.
D. It makes the disease harder to detect.

What is the most common cause of total lack of respirations?
A. Heart attack
B. Trauma
C. Choking
D. Drowning

What should rescuers do if they hear a cracking sound while performing CPR?
A. Check and correct hand position.
B. Stop CPR.
C. Nothing, continue on.
D. Roll the victim into the rescue position.

What type of respirator is required to minimize exposure to tuberculosis?
A. HEAP
B. HEPA
C. REPA
D. REAP

One of the main purposes of the respiratory system is to provide oxygen; what is the other?
A. Remove carbon dioxide from red blood cells as they pass through the lungs
B. Remove carbon monoxide from red blood cells as they pass through the lungs
C. Remove carbon dioxide from outside air prior
to absorbing into bloodstream
D. Remove carbon dioxide from white blood cells
as they pass though the lungs

Which of the following is a method to keep an airway open for a victim who is breathing and has no trauma?
A. Reclined
B. Trendelenburg
C. Supine
D. Recovery

When performing the Heimlich maneuver, where does the fire fighter place the thumb side of the fist?
A. On the belly button
B. Below the belly button
C. Midway between belly button and xiphoid
D. On the xiphoid

Where does blood from the lungs go?
A. Left ventricle
B. Right ventricle
C. Right atrium
D. Left atrium

What is the most common cause of shock?
A. Allergic reaction
B. Fluid loss
C. Heat loss
D. Fright

What type of burn is also known as a first-degree burn and is characterized by reddened and painful
skin?
A. Full-thickness
B. Superficial
C. Partial-thickness
D. Sunburn

What is the initial treatment for a chemical burn involving an acid?
A. Cover the victim
B. Brush the material off the victim
C. Apply a base
D. Apply oxygen

During triage, what color is the tag of a victim who has first priority?
A. Black
B. Red
C. Blue
D. Green

Which patient should receive high-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask?
a. responsive 45-year-old woman breathing at the rate of 30 breaths per minute
b. nonresponsive 25-year-old man who produces a gurgling sound when he breaths
c. responsive 60-year-old man breathing at the rate of 10 breathes per minute
d. responsive 3-year-old child breathing at the rate of 28 breaths per minute

Which patient is at highest risk for hidden injury?
A. 9-year-old child who fell 7 feet off a swing set
B. 45-year-old man who was ejected from his car after a high-speed collision
C. 30-year-old woman who got out of her car after a low-speed collision
D. 25-year-old man who is alert and remains seated in him vehicle after a medium-speed collision

When performing the rapid trauma assessment, the next step after assessing the neck is to
A. apply a cervical immobilization device
B. assess the chest
C. assess the head
D. clear the airway and administer supplemental oxygen

Which patient can safely receive only a targeted physical examination rather than a rapid trauma assessment?
A. 20-year-old woman who complains of severe pain in her ankle after stepping off a curb
B. 30-year-old man who is unresponsive but has only minor cuts on the extremities
C. 70-year-old man who complains of neck pain after a medium-speed car collision
D. 10-year-old child with a deformed right lower leg who is responsive after falling off his bicycle

The first step in the assessment of an unresponsive medical patient is to
A. position the patient to protect the airway
B. obtain SAMPLE history from a bystander or family member
C. perform rapid assessment
D. assess vital signs

The purpose of ongoing assessment is to reevaluate the patient’s condition and to
A. reassure the patient
B. check the adequacy of each intervention
C. protect the EMT against liability
D. find additional injuries you missed during the initial assessment

The EMT-Basic may sometimes enlist bystanders to assist by
A. communicating with central dispatch
B. administering oxygen
C. placing the patient on a stretcher
D. administering medications

Your patient tells you that he just can’t seem to catch his breath. You would describe the nature of illness as
A. emphysema
B. respiratory distress
C. apnea
D. chest pain

The preferred method for an EMT-Basic to use to ventilate a patient is
a. one-person bag-valve-mask
b. flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device c. two-person bag-valve-mask
d. mouth-to-mask

When suctioning a patient, how far should you insert a soft French catheter?
A. until resistance is encountered
B. past the vocal cords
C. as far as you can see
D. as far as the base of the tongue

What is the correct procedure for a patient who has secretions or emesis that suctioning cannot easily remove?
A. suction for 15 seconds, ventilate for 2 minutes, and the repeat
B. ventilate the patient with a bag-valve-mask
C. intubate the patient
D. logroll the patient and clear the oropharynx

During active inhalation, the diaphragm
a. contracts and flattens, increasing the size of the chest cavity
b. relaxes, decreasing the size of the thoracic cavity c. moves upward, forcing the lungs to contract
d. moves upward, forcing the ribs to move downward and inward

The first step in the delivery of high-flow oxygen via nonrebreather mask is to
A. select the correct size mask
B. reassure the patient
C. regulate the flow of oxygen
D. inflate the reservoir bag with oxygen

The correct rate of artificial ventilations for an adult patient is
A. 10 ventilations per minute
B. 5 ventilations per minute
C. 12 ventilations per minute
D. 3 ventilations per minute

A bulb syringe is used to suction infants up to the age of
A. 3-4 months
B. 1 year
C. 6-8 months
D. 1 month

If a patient’s blood pressure drops after administering nitroglycerin, you should
a. assist the patient to lie down, and transport the patient immediately
b. administer a second dose of nitroglycerin
c. place the patient in Trendelenburg’s position, and reassess
d. administer oxygen

Which of the following would be a life-threatening blood loss in a child?
A. 20% of total blood volume
B. 5% of total blood volume
C. 2% of total blood volume
D. 10% of total blood volume

After early access to the EMS system, the next step in the “chain of survival” in cardiac care is
A. early defibrillation
B. early ACLS
C. early CPR
D. cardiac medication

If the automatic external defibrillator advises you that no shock is indicated, the first thing you should do is to
A. remove and reattach the AED leads
B. check the patient’s pulse
C. consult medical direction
D. continue CPR

You are transporting a patient who has been resuscitated but who is still unresponsive. You should check the patient’s pulse
A. every minute
B. every 30 seconds
C. every 5 minutes
D. after delivering the third and sixth shock

All of the following are risk factors for suicide EXCEPT
A. alcoholism
B. recent death of a loved one
C. age older than 40
D. age younger than 20

Two important principles in the emergency treatment of local cold injuries are to remove the patient from the cold environment and to
A. prevent further tissue damage
B. prevent or treat pain
C. rewarm the cold extremity quickly
D. warm the whole body as soon as possible

Your patient has been stung by a bee, and the stinger is present in the wound. You should attempt to remove it by
A. cutting around it with a knife
B. scraping it away with rigid object
C. grabbing hold of it in your fingers
D. grabbing it with sterile tweezers

When using the blow-by oxygen delivery method for an infant, the correct flow rate is
A. 20 L/min
B. 5 L/min
C. 15 L/min
D. 10 L/min

A common cause of shock in young children is
A. meningitis
B. cardiac arrest
C. dehydration
D. allergic reactions

Emergency care for a responsive child with a foreign-body airway obstruction includes
A. placing the child supine on the floor and performing abdominal thrusts
B. standing behind the child and performing sub-diaphragmatic thrusts
C. placing the child supine on the floor and attempting to visualize the obstruction
D. holding the child on your knee and performing back blows

A 2-year-old is in respiratory failure when he has
a. altered mental status and breathing rate of 68 per minute
b. limp muscle tone and weak or absent distal pulses c. nasal flaring and mottled skin color
d. breathing rate of 6 per minute and heart rate of 50 per minute

Your patient is a 9-year-old girl who has cut her face. You can best comfort her and enlist her cooperation by
A. allowing her to play with you equipment
B. examining a teddy bear before you begin to assess her injury
C. explaining what you are doing and reassuring her about her recovery
D. sitting her on her mother’s lap during assessment and treatment

You have just assisted in delivering an infant with a pink body, a pulse rate of 106/minute, and good muscle tone. The infant is crying lustily. How should you care for this newborn?
A. wrap the newborn in clean towels and give it to the mother to hold during transport
B. start chest compressions following newborn CPR standards
C. administer free-flow oxygen by holding an oxygen mask or tubing over the newborn’s face
D. provide positive pressure ventilations at the rate of 60 per minute with a bag-valve-mask

The plastic bag included in the delivery kit is used to
A. create a sterile field under the mother
B. transport the placenta to the hospital
C. dispose of soiled towels and drapes
D. create a sterile field under the newborn

If a mother bleeds excessively from her vagina after delivery, you should
A. massage her abdomen gently
B. do nothing; heavy bleeding is normal
C. administer oxygen
D. treat her for shock

The correct procedure for handling used airways is to a. discard them
b. clean them
c. disinfect them with bleach and water solution
d. sterilize them

According to CDC guidelines, the process of destroying all microorganisms, including bacterial spore, is
A. sterilization
B. low-level disinfection
C. high-level disinfection
D. intermediate-level disinfection

You would be violating a patient’s right to confidentiality if you
A. notify a patient’s spouse of the nature of the patient’s illness
B. report on a patient’s condition to the receiving facility
C. report on a patient’s condition to your supervisor for the purpose of filing an insurance claim
D. notify the police that you suspect a child’s injuries resulted from abuse