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The flashcards below were created by user
littlewhitewitch
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Describe the attributes of a carbon atoms that allow it to form varied molecules.
The carbon atom can bond with up to four different atoms. Carbon-to-carbon bonds are stable, so long chains can be built. These chains can be variable in length and branching patterns. Some organic molecules can form isomers.
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How (in what form) do plants and animals store excess glucose?
Plants store excess glucose as starch. Animals store excess glucose as glycogen.
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Explain why humans cannot digest cellulose.
Human digestive juices cannot hydrolyze the bonds joining glucose molecules together in cellulose.
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Compare the structure and location of cellulose and chitin.
Both cellulose and chitin are composed of glucose monomers linked together in the same way. In contrast to cellulose, chitin has an amino group attached to each glucose molecule. Cellulose is found in plant cell walls, while chitin is in the exoskeleton of crabs and related animals.
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Compare the structure of a saturated fatty acid with an unsaturated fatty acid.
A saturated fatty acid contain no double bonds between carbon atoms, while on unsaturated fatty acid contains one or more double bonds. butter.
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Explain why phospholipids form a bilayer in a watery medium.
Phospholipids arrange themselves so that their hydrophilic heads are adjacent to water, while the hydrophobic tails point inward toward each other.
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Describe how the structure of fats and oils differs from that of steroids.
Fats and oils contain fatty acids and glycerol, while steroids have four fused carbon rings.
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list the six functions of proteins.
Support, metabolism, transport, defense, regulation (hormones), and motion.
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What is the primary stucture of a protein?
The protein's sequence of amino acids is its primary structure.
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Describe the interactions that create secondary and tertiary structures in proteins.
The secondary stucture is created by hydrogen bonds that occur between peptide bonds of a polypeptide chain. the tertiary structure comes into being because of the interactions between R goups, such as ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and covalent bonds.
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List three component of a nucleotide
Phosphate, 5 carbon sugar, nkitrogen-containing base.
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How are DNA and RNA chemically similar and how are they different?
Both DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose; RNA contains ribose. DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single stranded. In place of thymine (T) in DNA, RNA contains the base uracil (U)
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When is complementary base pairing utilized to copy a strand of DNA?
Complementary base pairing is utilized when DNA replicates and when genetic information is passed from DNA to RNA.
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Which of the following is an organic molecule?
a. CO2
b. H2O
c. C6H12O6
d. O2
e. More than one of these are correct.
c. C6H12O6
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Carbon requires how many electrons to complete it outer shell.
A. 2
B. 4
C. Any one of these is correct
D. 3
B. 4 (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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An amino acid is to a protein as a _____________ is to a nucleic acid
A. nucleotide
B. fatty acid
C. monosaccharide
D. triglycderide
A. nucleotide. (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Carbon chains can vary in
A. All of these are correct
B. branching pattern
C. length
D. number of double bonds.
A. All of these are correct. (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Organix moecules containing carboxyl groups are
A. nonpolar
B. acidic
C. basic
D. More than one of these are correct
B. acidic (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Biological macromolecures are polymers that are formed when _______________ are joined by a _________ reaction.
A. subunits, reduction
B. monomer, dehydration
C. multimers, dehydration
D. monomers, hydrolysis
B. monomers, dehydration (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
A. cellulose
B. sucrose
C. glucose
D. lactose
C. glucose (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Cellulose, the major compenent of plant cell walls.
A. protein
B. carbohydrate
C. lipid
D. nucleic acid
B. carbohydrate (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Keratin, found in hair, fingernails, horns and feathers.
A. nucleic acid
B. protein
C. carbohydrate
D. lipid
B. protein (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Steroids such as cholesterol and sex hormones
A. lipid
B. carbohydrate
C. nucleic acid
D. protein
A. lipids (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Composed of nucleotides
A. carbohydrate
B. protein
C. lipid
D. nucleic acid
D. nucleic acid. (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Insoluble in water due to hydrocarbon chains.
A. nucleic acid
B. lipid
C. carbohydrate
D. protein
B. lipids (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Sometimes undergoes complementary base pairing.
A. lipid
B. carbohydrate
C. protein
D. nucleic acid
D. nucleic acid (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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May contain pleated sheets and helices
A. carbohydrate
B. protein
C. lipid
D. nucleic acid
B. protein (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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May be a ring of six carbon atoms attached to hydroxyl groups
A. nucleic acid
B. protein
C. carbohydrate
D. lipid
C. carbohydrate (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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A triglyceride contains
A. a fatty acid and three sugars.
B. glycerol and two fatty acids.
C. protein and three fatty acids.
D. glycerol and three fatty acids.
D. glycerol and three fatty acids. (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Variations in three-dimensional shapes among proteins are due to bonding between the
A. H atoms.
B. ion groups
C. R groups
D. amino groups
C. R groups (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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The following is a picture of a long carbopn chain with a turn at the double carbon bond. This is a
A. polysaturated fatty acid.
B. All of these are correct.
C. saturated fatty acid.
D. monounsaturated fatty acid.
D. monounsaturated fatty acid. (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Which of the following interactions help to form the tertiary structure of a protein?
A. interactions between amino acid R groups
B. All of these are correct
C. folding and twisting of secondary structures within the protein chain
D. hydrogen bonding
B. All of these are correct (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Carbon and oxygen can be found in
A. glucose
B. All of these are correct
C. amino acids
D. starch
B. All of these are correct (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Animals store glucose as
A. starch
B. maltose
C. None of these are correct
D. glycogen
D. glycogen (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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The polysaccharide found in plant cell walls is
A.maltose
B. starch
C. cellulose
D. glucose
C. cellulose (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Phosphates can be found in
A. DNA
B. Both a and b are correct
C. glucose
D. RNA
B. Both a and b are correct (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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All _____________ are ____________
A. sugars polysaccharides.
B. enzymes, proteins
C. proteins, enzymes
D. sugars, monosaccarides
B. All enzymes are proteins. (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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__________ is the precursor of ____________
a. Cholesterol, testosterone and estrogen
b. Cholesterol, glucose
c. Testosterone, cholesterol
d. Estrogen, cholesterol
Cholesterol is the precursor of testosterone and estrogen.
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An example of a hydrocarbon would be
A. glucose
B. None of these are correct
C. heptane
D. maltose
C. heptane (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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A 5-carbon sugar is associated with
A. lipids
B. protein
C. DNA
D. glucose
C. DNA (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Nucleotides
a. contain a fatty acid, a nitrogen-containing base and a phosphate molecule.
b. are monomers for fats and polysaccharides
c. join together by covalent bonding between the bases
d. are found in DNA, RNA and proteins.
d. None of these are correct.
e. None of these are correct.
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Amino acids in a protein are joined by
A. hydrogen bonds
B. ionic bonds
C. peptides bonds
phosphodiester bonds.
C. peptide bonds (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Which of the following pertains to an RNA nucleotide and not to a DNA nucleotide?
A. contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)
B. Both a and b are correct
C. contains a phosphate molecule
D. contains the sugar ribose
E. becomes bonded to other nucleotides by condensation
B. Both a and b are correct (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids differ in
A. the number of carbon-to-carbon bonds
B. the consistency at room temperature
C. the number of hydrogen atoms present
D. All of these are correct.
D. All of these are correct (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Which of the following lipds would most likely be solid at room temperature>
A. oleic acid, and unsaturated fatty acid
B. cholesterold, a steroid
C. elaidic acid, a trans fat
D. palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid
D. palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid. (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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