Biol 1010 chpt 3 review test

  1. Describe the attributes of a carbon atoms that allow it to form varied molecules.
    The carbon atom can bond with up to four different atoms. Carbon-to-carbon bonds are stable, so long chains can be built. These chains can be variable in length and branching patterns. Some organic molecules can form isomers.
  2. How (in what form) do plants and animals store excess glucose?
    Plants store excess glucose as starch. Animals store excess glucose as glycogen.
  3. Explain why humans cannot digest cellulose.
    Human digestive juices cannot hydrolyze the bonds joining glucose molecules together in cellulose.
  4. Compare the structure and location of cellulose and chitin.
    Both cellulose and chitin are composed of glucose monomers linked together in the same way. In contrast to cellulose, chitin has an amino group attached to each glucose molecule. Cellulose is found in plant cell walls, while chitin is in the exoskeleton of crabs and related animals.
  5. Compare the structure of a saturated fatty acid with an unsaturated fatty acid.
    A saturated fatty acid contain no double bonds between carbon atoms, while on unsaturated fatty acid contains one or more double bonds. butter.
  6. Explain why phospholipids form a bilayer in a watery medium.
    Phospholipids arrange themselves so that their hydrophilic heads are adjacent to water, while the hydrophobic tails point inward toward each other.
  7. Describe how the structure of fats and oils differs from that of steroids.
    Fats and oils contain fatty acids and glycerol, while steroids have four fused carbon rings.
  8. list the six functions of proteins.
    Support, metabolism, transport, defense, regulation (hormones), and motion.
  9. What is the primary stucture of a protein?
    The protein's sequence of amino acids is its primary structure.
  10. Describe the interactions that create secondary and tertiary structures in proteins.
    The secondary stucture is created by hydrogen bonds that occur between peptide bonds of a polypeptide chain. the tertiary structure comes into being because of the interactions between R goups, such as ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and covalent bonds.
  11. List three component of a nucleotide
    Phosphate, 5 carbon sugar, nkitrogen-containing base.
  12. How are DNA and RNA chemically similar and how are they different?
    Both DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose; RNA contains ribose. DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single stranded. In place of thymine (T) in DNA, RNA contains the base uracil (U)
  13. When is complementary base pairing utilized to copy a strand of DNA?
    Complementary base pairing is utilized when DNA replicates and when genetic information is passed from DNA to RNA.
  14. Which of the following is an organic molecule?

    a. CO2
    b. H2O
    c. C6H12O6
    d. O2
    e. More than one of these are correct.
    c. C6H12O6
  15. Carbon requires how many electrons to complete it outer shell.




    B. 4
  16. An amino acid is to a protein as a _____________ is to a nucleic acid




    D. nucleotide.
  17. Carbon chains can vary in




    B. All of these are correct.
  18. Organix moecules containing carboxyl groups are




    D. acidic
  19. Biological macromolecures are polymers that are formed when _______________ are joined by a _________ reaction.




    C. monomers, dehydration
  20. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?




    A. glucose
  21. Cellulose, the major compenent of plant cell walls.




    C. carbohydrate
  22. Keratin, found in hair, fingernails, horns and feathers.




    A. protein
  23. Steroids such as cholesterol and sex hormones




    D. lipids
  24. Composed of nucleotides




    A. nucleic acid.
  25. Insoluble in water due to hydrocarbon chains.




    B. lipids
  26. Sometimes undergoes complementary base pairing.




    C. nucleic acid
  27. May contain pleated sheets and helices




    C. protein
  28. May be a ring of six carbon atoms attached to hydroxyl groups




    A. carbohydrate
  29. A triglyceride contains




    D. glycerol and three fatty acids.
  30. Variations in three-dimensional shapes among proteins are due to bonding between the




    C. R groups
  31. The following is a picture of a long carbopn chain with a turn at the double carbon bond. This is a




    A. monounsaturated fatty acid.
  32. Which of the following interactions help to form the tertiary structure of a protein?




    C. All of these are correct
  33. Carbon and oxygen can be found in




    A. All of these are correct
  34. Animals store glucose as




    D. glycogen
  35. The polysaccharide found in plant cell walls is




    D. cellulose
  36. Phosphates can be found in




    D. Both a and b are correct
  37. All _____________ are ____________




    A. All enzymes are proteins.
  38. __________ is the precursor of ____________

    a. Cholesterol, testosterone and estrogen
    b. Cholesterol, glucose
    c. Testosterone, cholesterol
    d. Estrogen, cholesterol
    Cholesterol is the precursor of testosterone and estrogen.
  39. An example of a hydrocarbon would be




    B. heptane
  40. A 5-carbon sugar is associated with




    B. DNA
  41. Nucleotides

    a. contain a fatty acid, a nitrogen-containing base and a phosphate molecule.
    b. are monomers for fats and polysaccharides
    c. join together by covalent bonding between the bases
    d. are found in DNA, RNA and proteins.
    d. None of these are correct.
    e. None of these are correct.
  42. Amino acids in a protein are joined by




    phosphodiester bonds.
    B. peptide bonds
  43. Which of the following pertains to an RNA nucleotide and not to a DNA nucleotide?





    E. Both a and b are correct
  44. Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids differ in




    B. All of these are correct
  45. Which of the following lipds would most likely be solid at room temperature>




    A. palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid.
Author
littlewhitewitch
ID
93128
Card Set
Biol 1010 chpt 3 review test
Description
Biol 1010 chpt 3 review test
Updated