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Gram negative coccus, oxidase positive, glucose and maltose fermenter
N. menigitidis
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Gram negative coccus, oxidase positive, can ferment glucose but not maltose
N. gonorrhea
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Major virulence factors of neisseria meningitidis
Antiphagocytic capsule
-
Treatment for N. meningitidis
Penicillin G or ceftriaxone
-
Thayer Martin agar
Use to isolate N. gonorrhea
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Positive nitrite test (bacteria can reduce nitrates to nitrites)
Enterobacteriaceae (enterobacter, e. coli, klebsiella, proteus, salmonella, serratia, shigella, yersinia)
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EMB agar
Lactose fermenters
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MacConkey's agar
Lactose fermenters
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Lactose fermenting enterobacteriaceae
E. coli, citrobacter, klebsiella, serratia
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Non-lactose fermenting enterobacteriaceae
Shigella, salmonella, proteus, yersinia
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Are enterobacteriaceae oxidase negative or oxidase positive?
Negative
-
Gram negative non-motile rod that does not ferment lactose and has no capsule
Shigella
-
Enterobacteriaceae that have a capsule (K antigen)
Klebsiella and salmonella
-
Non-motile enterobacteriaceae
Klebsiella and shigella
-
Treatment of shigella
Fluoroquinolones
-
Three bacteria that will give rise to PMNs in stool sample
Shigella, salmonella, campylobacter (invasive)
-
Gram negative motile lactose fermenting rod
E. coli
-
Antigen that determines pathogenecity of E. coli causing neonatal meningitis
K1 capsular antigen
-
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
- Gram negative lactose fermenting motile rod
- Produces shiga-like toxin that causes bloody diarrhea
- Transmitted by poorly cooked beef
- Can cause HUS in children
-
Treatment of E. coli UTI
Bactrim
-
Drug that can bind to and inactivate E. coli's enterotoxins
Bismuth subsalicylate
-
Motile gram negative rod, cannot ferment lactose, has a capsule
Salmonella
-
Bacteria ingested with raw eggs, contaminated chicken, contaminated water, or contact with reptiles
Salmonella
-
Gram negative non-motile lactose fermenting rod, has a capsule
Klebsiella
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Causes lobar aspiration pneumonia in alcoholics, may give rise to lung abscesses and current jelly sputum
Klebsiella
-
Highly motile, gram negative rods that cause UTIs and do not ferment lactose
Proteus
-
Struvite stones
Caused by proteus UTI, which produces urease. Urease raises urine pH, which causes precipitation of struvite stones
-
Comma shaped gram negative rod, oxidase positive, causes rice-water diarrhea
Vibrio cholera
-
Watery or bloody diarrhea with fever and abdo pain after eating shellfish
Vibrio parahemolyticus
-
Gram negative oxidase positive rods with polar flagella that do not ferment sugars
Pseudomonas
-
Major virulence factor of P. aeruginosa
Elastase (allows bacterium to invade blood vessels, especially in CF patients)
-
Treatment for P. aeruginosa infection
- Piperacillin or ticarcillin
- An aminoglycoside
-
Non-motile gram negative coccobacillus with bipolar staining that requires cysteine in growth medium
Francisella tularensis
-
Soft tissue infection following animal bite
Pasturella multocida
-
Small, pleomorphic gram negative coccobacillus that grows on chocolate agar, or blood agar streaked with staph
Haemophilus
-
H. influenza vaccine
Polysaccharide capsular antigen, conjugated to tetanus toxoid, or N. meningitidis membrane protein
-
Bordetella
- Causes whooping cough
- Pertussis toxin inhibits Gi protein
- Grows on Bordet-Gengou agar
-
Gram negative bacteria that invades macrophages, is transmitted in aerosols, and requires iron and cyteine for growth
Legionella
-
Charcoal yeast extract
Legionella
-
Clinical manifestations of legionella
- Pontiac fever--mild, febrile illness
- Mild, atypical pneumonia
- Legionnaires disease--severe pneumonia
-
Treatment for legionella
Erythromycin
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