Basic Mycology

Fungi Cell wall is made of

Fungi Cell membrane is made of

fungi capsule is made of

fungi reproduce by

Some Fungi have the ability to form dfferent structures in different tempuratures(e.g. spores outside body and yesast inside) this is called

obligate aerobes, faculative anaerobes, obligate anaerobes which one does fungi not exhibit?

fungi are eukaryotes or prokarytoes

prokaryotic, peptidoglycan cell wall, sterol absent cell membrane(mycoplasma), polysaccharide capsule, endospores for survival, no thermal dimorphism are charecteristic of

unicellular and multiply by budding

Cryptococcus species, and Candida species are

some buds(blastoconidia) elongate to form

molds structe are

branched filaments are called

hyphae can be divided into partitions called

fungi exist as yeast in tissues at

Fungi exist as Mold or filamentous forms at

asexual spores are the

shape color and arrangment of conidia aid in

conidia are formed

rectangular spores which arise from fragmentation of hyphae e.g. coccidoides immitis are

round thick spores produced by candida albicans

buds of yeasts which sometimes do not detach and form long sausage shaped false hyphae; pseudohyphae

RHIZOPUS, MUCOR reproduce by

most fungi attach to host cell receptors by

fungal pathogenesis act via fungal toxins and

epithelial turnover, fatty acid content, ph of skin, normal bacterial flora, ph MUCOSAL SURFACE, cilia and macrophages of the mucous membranes of nasopharynx, innate immunity are

host response to systemic fungal infections result in a

inflammatory cell infiltrate and macrophages that phagocyte fungi, in a localised nodule that acts to contain the infection is a

key determinant in protection from fungal infection

severe fungal infections is due to

activation of t cell mediated immune results in

normal skin mediated immune response determined by

acute suppuration characterised by the precense of neutrophils seen in infections like

mycoses(fungal infection) phagocytosis by

polysaccharide capsules of fungi (e.g. cryptococcus) is

conditions conducive to fungal infections

immunosupression : loss of CD4 TH1 response, leads to oppurtunistic infections by normal flora such as

immunosupression: loss of CD4 TH1 response leads to susceptibility to environmental fungi such as

disruption of normal bacterial flora happens via

mycoses which involves the keratinised outermost layers of skin hair and nails

mycoses which involve the keratin layer of epidermis and deeper layers of skin hair and nails

mycoses which involve dermis subcutaneous tissues, muscels and fascio

mycoses disseminated infections

mycoses generally occur in patients with compromised immune systems(chemotherapy), HIV infected individual

polyenes are

binds to ergosterol, disrupts fungal membranes by punching holes in cytoplasmic membrane

polyenes used to fight

Azole derivatives

inhibit fungal ergosterol synthesis by binding to p450 enzymes (cytoplasmic membrane)

used to fight systemic and oppurtunistic mycoses

Allylamines

inhibits ergosterol synthesis via squalene epoxidase

allylamines(terbinafine) used to treat

nucleoside synthesis disruption via a nucleoside analog called

inhibits dna and rna synthesis, covnerted to fluoracil and acts as an antimetabolite

nucleoside analog flucytosine used to treat

echinocandins are

inhibits glucan synthesis (cell wall synthesis)

echniocandins (caspofungin & mycofungin) used to treat

other - inhibits fungal mitosis by interacting with microtubules, deposits in nails

grisans griseofulvis used to treat

other- potassium iodide used to treat