47 immune

the body's ability to protect itself from foreign agents or organisms

where the body identifies its own cells as foreign and activates mechanisms to destroy them

suppress the body's natural immune resonse to an antigen

examples of natural and physical chemical mechaniss that enhance immunological functioning

primary lymphoid organs

area where stem cells, the parent cells for all blood cells are produced

peripheral lymphoid organs

located through the body. responsible for filtering lymphatic fluid and removing and destroying matter

what does enlargement of the lymph nodes indicate

organ that serves as a reservoir for macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells

______ of the liver house monocytes that ingest and destroy foreign organisms in hepatic circulation

Leukocytes aka:

where are WBC mostly formed

5 types of WBC

WBC count for adults

granular leukocytes:

wbc type that come into play during allergic reactions
or paracitic invasion

wbc that are agranular luekocytes

wbc that ingests bacteria

wbc that secrete histamine during allergic reaction

wbc that travels to the site of invading organisms and transform into Macrophages

____ make up the greatest number of WBC

antibodies are also called

-produce memory cells
-responsible for humoral immunity
-rstimulate plasma cells to secrete antibodies

proteins that react with antigens to neutralize or destroy

any substance identified by the body as nonself

-responsible for cellular immunity
-include helper cells, suppressor cells, and killer cells

_____ are important in understanding how HIV atacks the immune system

two types of immunity

_____- develops after birth and may be active or passive

the result of exposure to disease or its vaccine

utilizes antibodies produced by another human being or animal.

transmission of antibodies through fetal circulation is an example of ____ immunity

-innate immunity
-present at birth
-includes physical and chemical barriers to invading antigens

-long term immunity
-antibodies develop as a result of exposure to disease or vaccine
-antibodies neutralize future invasions of the same antigen

-temporary immunity
-antibodies obtained from an animal or human being
-examples or gamaglobulin or antiserum

factors influencing immunity

allergic disorders are a result of ___________, excessive reaction to a stimulus

a type of antigen commonly found in the environment

also known as hay fever or pollinosis, a common allergy caused by airborne allergens such as pollen, mold, animal dander, dust and ragweed

raised pruritic, red, nontender wheals in the skin usually in the trunk and lower extremeties

edema of subq layers and mucous membranes, is painless and only slightly pruritic

what is medical management for clients experiencing an allergic response

is a type I systemic reaction to allergens and is the most serious type of allergic reaction

type of food that is the leading cause of anaphylaxis in the US

maybe life threatening. symptoms involve the skin, GI tract, cardiovascular and resp. systems

if untreated catastrophic effects of anaphylaxis may lead to?

_____ is administered subq during an anaphylactic reaction to dilate bronchioles, increase heart contractions, and constrict blood vessels

why are corticosteroids given during an allergic reaction

what is the activity level for clients with allergic reactions

what is autologous blood transfusion

what is medical managemnt for clients experiencing an allergic reaction with blood transfusion

can an LPN give blood

clients are NPO during an allergic reaction until respiration is stable....WHY?

when should vital signs be assessed when administering blood products?

what is the inital nursing response for a transfusion reaction?

what are some signs of transfusion reactions?

tissue or blood donations from another donor or nonrelated donor

type of isolation used for clients with major organ transplant?

signs of transplant rejection

a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by joint stiffness

who can rheumatoid arthritis affect?

clients with a genetic marker HLA-DR4 have an increased risk with developing

when _____ becomes thick it can lead to calcification of the joint, joint pain, limited mobility, and deformity

when does damage of the bones begin with RA

what is the pattern of joint involvement in RA

decrease or abscense of symptoms

increase in symptoms

therapeutic regimen for RA

foods high in _____ are encouraged with RA pt's when RBC's are low

nursing management for RA

what are some gradual developments for RA

chronic, progressive, incurable autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs. characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. most common in women in child bearing age

autoimmune disease characterized by extreme muscle weakness and fatigue caused by the body's inability to transmit nerve impulses to voluntary muscles

characterized by an acute emergency by increased muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, chewing or talking

what can be done when MG clients are not responding to drug therapy

what is a major nursing concern for myasthenia gravis

retrovirus

progressively fatal disease that destroys the immune system and the body's ability to fight infection

what is the incubation period following exposure to HIV

how long can individuals remain symptom free with hiv

what cells does HIV attack and kill

how much CD4 cells does a healthy person have

when the CD4 Tcell is less than ____ and the individual has ______ or more of the 26 clinical conditions that affect persons with advanced HIV, the individual is considered to have AIDS

what is the leading cause of death among african americans wih HIV

Most aids defining conditions are ______ infections, (infections in persons with a defective immune system that rarely cause harm in healthy individuals)

what is the most basic screening test to detect antibodies to HIV

What is to be done with a positive ELISA test?

what is the confirmatory test when a positive ELISA test is confirmed

what must the nurse obtain before testing blood with ELISA or western blot test

what are modes of transmission for HIV

what is the goal of care for HIV