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Intima
inner, endothelium
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media
middle, smooth muscle
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adventitia
outer, areolar connective tissue
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In large vessels this layer will house blood vessels that supply the large vessels. What do we call these vessels?
Vasa vasorum
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Vasoconstriction
decrease in vessel diameter
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vasodilation
increase in vessel diameter
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Describe some of the difference between arteries and veins
- -arterial walls are thicker.
- -arteries appear smaller and round.
- -veins have valves.
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Large, dominated by elastic fibers, stretch under pressure.
- elastic
- -aorta, pulmomary trunk, common iliac and carotid
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thick media dominated by smooth muscle
- muscular
- -brachial, femoral inferior
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Small, poorly defined adventitia and thin media
- arterioles
- -distribute blood to capillaries.
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What do we call the smallest, most delicate vessels that are involved in exchange between the blood supply and other areas?
Capillaries
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Continuous
most body regions, complete/tight endothelium
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Fenestrated
Kidneys and endocrine glands, small pores
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Sinusoids
liver and bone marrow, large pores, may lack basal lamina
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Veins lack blood pressure. How does venous blood return to the heart?
- In most veins- skeletal muscle pump
- In the vanae cavae- thoracoabdominal pump
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If we face serious blood loss our veins contract to reduce the volume of blood that hold so that it can be distributed to the arteries and capillaries. What do we call this blood supply?
Venous reserve
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What do we call veins that travel alongside arteries and share their names?
Companion vessels
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Outline blood flow in the pulmonary circuit beginning at the pulmonary semilunar valve and ending at the left atrium.
- - pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries to (smaller branches )
- -to capillary network on alveoli
- -pulmonary veins
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The systemic circuit begins as we pass through the aortic semilunar valve. Name the vessel that leaves the left ventricle and the two arteries that branch off of it.
- Ascending aorta
- - right and left coronary arteries
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Name the curved, superior section of the large vesel that leaces the left ventricle and the three major vessels that branch off of it in order from proximal to distal.
- Aortic arch
- -brachiocephalic trunk
- -left common carotid artery
- - left subclavian artery
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The brachiocephalic trunk only goes a short distance before bifurcating. What are the two branches?
- - right common carotid artery
- - right subclavian artery
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What section of the vessel that leaves the left ventricle runs from approximately T5 to where it penetrates the diaphragm and supplies arteries that bear the name of the structures they supply?
Thoracic aorta
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What section of the vessel that leaves the left ventricle runs retroperitoneal from the diaphragm down to L4 where it bifurcates and into what two vessels does it bifurcate?
- Abdominal aorta
- -L&R common iliac arteries
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What vessel return blood from thehead, arms, and thorax to the heart?
Superior vena cava
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What 3 (main) vessels converge to form the superior vena cava?
- brachiocephalic veins
- -drains the head and arm on each side
- azygos vein
- -drains majority of thorax
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What two (main) vessels converge to form the brachiocephalic veins?
- subclavian vein
- -drains arm
- internal jugular vein
- -drains the majority of the cranium
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What vessel returns blood from the lower limbs and abdomen to the heart?
inferior vena cava
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What two vessels converge to from the inferior vena cava and from what vessels to they arise?
- R&L common iliac veins
- -drains the lower limb within the torso: external iliac veins
- -drains the pelvis into the abdomen: internal iliac veins
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Short, supplies the liwer, spleen and digestive tract?
celiac trunk
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supplies stomach and inferior esophagus?
left gastric artery
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Supplies spleen and pancreas?
splenic artery
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supplies liver, gallbladder, and stomach?
common hepatic artery
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Supplies the majority of the intestines?
superior mesenteric artery
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supplies the distal colon and rectum?
inferior mesenteric artery
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Large, supple the kidneys?
renal arteries
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small, supply the gonads?
gonadal arteries
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Gonadal arteries have different names in
men: ______.
and women _______.
what are they?
- male: testicular artery
- female: ovarian artery
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Blood from the digestive tract, pancreas, and spleen do not drain directly into the inferior vena cava but instead flows into a second set of capillaries in the liver where the venous blood mixes with arterial blood before returning to the inferior vena cava. What is the name of this network of vessels that drain this region?
hepatic portal system
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What vessel drains the digestive tract, pancreas, and spleen into the liver and what are its 3 tributaries?
- inferior mesenteric vein
- drains the distal colon and rectum
- spleinic vein
- drains the spleen and pancreas
- superior mesenteric vein
- drains the majority of the intestine and stomach
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What vessel drain the liver into the inferior vena cava?
hepatic veins
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Explain the difference between the venous drainage of the renal and gonadal veins on left and right sides of the body in light of the position of the inferior vena cava.
- renal- left is longer
- gonadal- left drains into left renal not IVC
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What vessel provides blood to the cranium and face?
common carotid artery
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What are the names of two branches formed at this bifurcation and what is the name of the receptor containing enlargement at the base of one of them.
- Internal carotid artery
- -supplied the brain
- Carotid artery
- -contains baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
- External carotid artery
- -supplies the neck and face
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What branch of the subclavian artery travels through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae to supply the brain?
vertebral artery
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Two pairs of vessels approach the brain from below and join together through a set of arteries to provide collateral circulation. What do we call this arterial network?
cerebral arterial circle
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Name the artery:
forms from the convergence of vertebral arteries
basilar artery
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Name the artery:
from the internal carotid artery and supplies anterior brain
anterior cerebral arteries
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Name the artery:
from the internal carotid artery and supplies midbrain/lateral brain
middle cerebral arteries
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Name the artery:
from the bifurcation of basilar artery, supplies posterior brain.
posterior cerebral arteries
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Name the artery:
connects the anterior cerebral arteries
anterior communicating
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Name the artery:
connects the internal carotid artery to posterior cerebral artery
posterior communcating arteries
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what large, deep vessel collect blood from the dural venous sinuses and veins of the face to drain the majority of the blood from the head?
internal jugular vein
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What superficial vessel drains much of the blood from the face and neck into the subclavian vein?
external jugular vein
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What large artery supplies blood to the upper limb as well as the brain and anterior thorax?
subclavian artery
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Name the artery:
1st rib to the arm, supplying the shoulder, axilla and pectoral region
axillary artery
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Name the artery:
medial humerus, supplying the upper arm
brachial artery
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bifurcation of brachial, supplying the lateral foramen
radial artery
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Name the artery:
bifurcation of bracial, supplying the medial foramen
ulnar artery
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What are the three basic components of the blood flow in the hand?
- -superficial and deep palmar arches
- -digital arteries
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Name the vein:
lateral forarm to the shoulder
cephalic vein
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Name the vein:
medial forearm to the axilla
basilic vein
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Name the vein:
Joins the lateral and medial superficial veins in antecubital fossa
median cubital vein
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What large artery supplies blood to the lower limb changing its name as it passes deep to the inguinal ligament?
external iliac artery
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Name the artery:
anteromedal thigh from inguinal ligament to hiatus in adductor magus
femoral artery
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Name the artery:
posterior thigh, supplying the deep muscles of the thigh
deep femoral artery
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Name the artery:
back of the knee, bifurcates to supply leg
popliteal artery
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Name the artery:
bifurcation of the popliteal artery, supplying the posterior compartment
posterior tibial artery
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Name the artery:
bifurcation of the popliteal artery, supplying the anterior compartment
anterior tibial artery
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Name the artery:
branch of the posterior tibial artery, supplying the lateral compartment
fibular artery
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Name the vein:
lateral arch of foot to back of knee
small saphenous vein
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Name the vein:
returns blood from placenta to fetus
umbilical vein
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Name the artery:
carries blood from fetus to placenta
umbilical artery
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