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Balanced Solution
Parenteral solution that contains electrolytes in proportions similar to those in plasma; also contains bicarbonate or acetate ion
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Body Surface Area
Surface area of the body determined through use of a nomogram
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Caloric Method
Calculation of metabolic expenditure of energy, used in pediatric fluid maintenance and replacement
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Catabolism
The breakdown of chemical compounds by the body; an energy-producing metabolic process
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Colloid
A substance (e.g., blood, plasma, albumin, dextran) that does not dissolve into a true solution and is not capable of passing through a semipermeable membrane
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Crytalloid
A substance that forms a true solution and is capable of passing through a semipermeable membrane (e.g., lactated Ringer's solution, isotonic saline)
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Dehydration
A deficit of body water; can involve one fluid compartment or all three
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Hydrating solution
A solution of water, carbohydrate, sodium, and chloride used to determine adequacy of renal function
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Hypertonic solution
A solution with an osmolarity higher than that of plasma, above 375 mOsm
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Hypotonic solution
A solution with an osmolarity lower than that of plasma, usually below 250 mOsm
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Isotonic solution
A solution with the same osmolarity as plasma, usually 250-375 mOsm
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Maintenance therapy
Fluids that provide all nutrients necessary to meet daily patient requirements, usually water, glucose, sodium, and potassium
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Meter square method
Formula using a nomogram to determine surface areas of a pediatric client for maintenance of fluid needs
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Normal saline
Solution of salt (0.9% sodium chloride)
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Oncotic pressure
The osmotic pressure exerted by colloids (proteins), as when albumin exerts oncotic pressure within the blood vessels and helps to hold the water content of the blood in the intravascular compartment
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Parenteral therapy
Introduction of substances other than through the gastrointestinal tract; particularly to the introduction of substances into an organism by intravenous route, or subcutaneous, intramuscluar, or intramedullary injection
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Plasma volume expander
A high molecular weight compound in a solution suitable for intravenous use
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Replacement therapy
Replenishment of losses when maintenance cannot be met and when patient is in a deficit state
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Restoration therapy
Reconstruction of fluid and electrolyte needs on a continuing basis until homeostasis returns
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Weight method
Formula based on weight in kilograms to estimate the fluid needs of the pediatric client
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