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Autografting
Skin graft
Skin is taken from other parts of the body
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Rule of Nines
Used to estimate the percentage of burn area on a body
Every part is a value of 9%
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Fourth Degree Burn
Involves tissue down to the bone
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Third Degree Burn
Destroys thickness of the skin
No pain - because the pain receptors are destroyed
aka full thickness burn
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Second Degree Burn
Affects the entire epidermis and part of the dermis
Redness, pain, and blisters at site
aka partial thickness burn
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First Degree Burn
Affect only the epidermis
Redness, pain, and no blisters
(exa. sunburn)
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4 Steps of Wound Healing
1 - blood vessel ruptures and wound fills with blood
2 - blood clot forms, scab develops, fibroblasts and WBCs migrate to site
3 - New epidermis forms, fibroblasts promote tissue regeneration
4 - Epidermis and dermis are healed by scar formation
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Warning Signs of Melanoma
- A - Asymmetrical (oval or irregular shape)
- B - Boarders (notched or dented)
- C - Color (uneven color)
- D - Diameter (greater than 6mm)
- E - Elevation (raised above the surface of the skin)
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Kaposi's Sarcoma
Form of skin cancer
Most commonly seen in AIDs patients
Red, Blue, Black in appearance
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Melanoma
Begins in melanocytes
More likely to be malignant
Appearance of an unusual mole
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Squamos Cell Carcinoma
Nonmelanoma Cancer
Begins in epidermis
Also triggered by UV exposure
More likely to spread to nearby organs
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
Nonmelanoma Cancer
Most common form of skin cancer
Caused by UV radiation
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Acne Vulgaris
Inflamation of sebacceous glands
Most often occurs during adolescence
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Urticaria
Hives
Allergic reaction with red, elevated, itchy patches
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Dandruff
Accelerated rate of keritinization
Produces flaking and itching
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Eczema
Inflamation caused by sensitivity to chemicals
Heat or dryness
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Impetigo
Highly contagious bacterial infection
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Athlete's Foot
Fungal infection of the feet (most commonly)
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Mammary Glands
Modified aprocrine (sweat) glands that produce milk after the hormonal changes of childbirth
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Sebum
Oily Substance that helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair
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Sebacous Glands
Oil gland
Associated with hair follicles
Secrete Sebum
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Eccrine Glands
Sweat glands that open to the skin
Helps cool the body
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Appicrine Glands
Sweat glands that open to the hair follicles of the groin, anal region, and armpits
Begin to secrete at puberty
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Sweat Glands
Sudoriferous Glands
Coil shaped
Become active when body is stressed
Help regulate the temperature
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Exocrine Glands
Glands that excrete their product to the outside of the body
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Lunula
Thick layer of epithelial cells at the nail base
"moon shape"
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Nails
Grow from specialized epithelial cells that have become keratinized
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Arrector Pili Muscle
Smooth muscle attached to the hair follicle
Causes "goose bumps"
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Alopecia
2 types
Adrongenic - male pattern baldness
Alopecia Areata - sudden onset of patchy hair loss
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Hirsutism
Excessive body and facial hair
In females it's caused by excessive male hormones
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Decubitus Ulcers
"Bed Sore"
Develops whenblood suply to an area is blocked due to constant pressure
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Hypodermis
Subcutaneous
Lies below the dermis
Made of loose connective tissue (including adipose tissue)
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Dermis
Deeper, thicker layer
Made of dense connective tissue
Contains all accesory organs
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Albinism
Inability for melanocytes to produce melanin
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Merckel Cells
Tacktile cells
Signal brain that an object has touched the skin
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Melanocytes
Produce melanin
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Melanin
Pigment responsible for skin color
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Macrophage
"cell eating"
Protects from invading organisms
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Langerhan's Cells
Macrophages found deep in the epidermis
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Stratum Basale
Basement of epidermis
Cells are constantly dividing and producing new cells and pushing them to the surface
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Stratum Lucidum
Found only in thick skin
Palms of hands and soles of feet
Protects from frition
Middle layer of the epidermis
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Stratum Corneum
Tough, outermost layer of the epidermis
Flat, hardened cells
Keratinization
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Epidermis
Outer, thinner layer of the skin
Made up of stratified squamos epithelium
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