A&P Integumentary

Skin graft

Skin is taken from other parts of the body

Used to estimate the percentage of burn area on a body

Every part is a value of 9%

Involves tissue down to the bone

Destroys thickness of the skin

No pain - because the pain receptors are destroyed

aka full thickness burn

Affects the entire epidermis and part of the dermis

Redness, pain, and blisters at site

aka partial thickness burn

Affect only the epidermis

Redness, pain, and no blisters

(exa. sunburn)

1 - blood vessel ruptures and wound fills with blood

2 - blood clot forms, scab develops, fibroblasts and WBCs migrate to site

3 - New epidermis forms, fibroblasts promote tissue regeneration

4 - Epidermis and dermis are healed by scar formation

• A - Asymmetrical (oval or irregular shape)
• B - Boarders (notched or dented)
• C - Color (uneven color)
• D - Diameter (greater than 6mm)
• E - Elevation (raised above the surface of the skin)

Form of skin cancer

Most commonly seen in AIDs patients

Red, Blue, Black in appearance

Begins in melanocytes

More likely to be malignant

Appearance of an unusual mole

Nonmelanoma Cancer

Begins in epidermis

Also triggered by UV exposure

More likely to spread to nearby organs

Nonmelanoma Cancer

Most common form of skin cancer

Caused by UV radiation

Inflamation of sebacceous glands

Most often occurs during adolescence

Hives

Allergic reaction with red, elevated, itchy patches

Accelerated rate of keritinization

Produces flaking and itching

Inflamation caused by sensitivity to chemicals

Heat or dryness

Highly contagious bacterial infection

Fungal infection of the feet (most commonly)

Modified aprocrine (sweat) glands that produce milk after the hormonal changes of childbirth

Oily Substance that helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair

Oil gland

Associated with hair follicles

Secrete Sebum

Sweat glands that open to the skin

Helps cool the body

Sweat glands that open to the hair follicles of the groin, anal region, and armpits

Begin to secrete at puberty

Sudoriferous Glands

Coil shaped

Become active when body is stressed

Help regulate the temperature

Glands that excrete their product to the outside of the body

Thick layer of epithelial cells at the nail base

"moon shape"

Grow from specialized epithelial cells that have become keratinized

Smooth muscle attached to the hair follicle

Causes "goose bumps"

2 types

Adrongenic - male pattern baldness

Alopecia Areata - sudden onset of patchy hair loss

Excessive body and facial hair

In females it's caused by excessive male hormones

"Bed Sore"

Develops whenblood suply to an area is blocked due to constant pressure

Subcutaneous

Lies below the dermis

Made of loose connective tissue (including adipose tissue)

Deeper, thicker layer

Made of dense connective tissue

Contains all accesory organs

Inability for melanocytes to produce melanin

Tacktile cells

Signal brain that an object has touched the skin

Produce melanin

Pigment responsible for skin color

"cell eating"

Protects from invading organisms

Macrophages found deep in the epidermis

Basement of epidermis

Cells are constantly dividing and producing new cells and pushing them to the surface

Found only in thick skin

Palms of hands and soles of feet

Protects from frition

Middle layer of the epidermis

Tough, outermost layer of the epidermis

Flat, hardened cells

Keratinization

Outer, thinner layer of the skin

Made up of stratified squamos epithelium