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THE SCIENCE OF BODY STRUCTURES AND THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THEM.
ANATOMY
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THE CAREFUL CUTTING APART OF BODY STRUCTURES TO STUDY THEIR RELATIONSHIPS.
DISSECTION
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THE SCIENCE OF BODY FUNCTIONS.
PHYSIOLOGY
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THE STUDY OF THE FIRST EIGHT WEEKS OF DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING FERTILIZATION OF AN EGG IN HUMANS.
EMBRYOLOGY
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THE STUDY OF THE COMPLETE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL FROM FERTILIZATION OF AN EGG TO DEATH.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
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THE STUDY OF CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION.
CELL BIOLOGY
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THE STUDY OF THE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF TISSUES.
HISTOLOGY
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THE STUDY OF THE SURFACE MARKINGS OF THE BODY TO UNDERSTAND INTERNAL ANATOMY THROUGH VISUALIZATION AND PALPATION. (GENTLE TOUCH)
SURFACE ANATOMY
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THE STUDY OF STRUCTURES THAT CAN BE EXAMINED WITHOUT USING A MICROSCOPE.
GROSS ANATOMY
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THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF SPECIFIC SYSTEMS OF THE BODY SUCH AS THE NERVOUS OR RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS.
SYSTEMIC ANATOMY
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THE STUDY OF THE SPECIFIC REGIONS OF THE BODY SUCH AS THE HEAD OR CHEST.
REGIONAL ANATOMY
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THE STUDY OF THE BODY STRUCTURES THAT CAN BE VISUALIZED WITH X-RAYS.
RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY
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THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURAL CHANGES(FROM GROSS TO MICROSCOPIC) ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE.
PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY
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THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF NERVE CELLS.
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
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THE STUDY OF HORMONES AND HOW THEY CONTROL BODY FUNCTIONS.
ENDOCRINOLOGY
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THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS.
CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
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THE STUDY OF HOW THE BODY DEFENDS ITSELF AGAINST DISEASE-CAUSING AGENTS.
IMMUNOLOGY
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THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE AIR PASSAGEWAYS AND LUNGS.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
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THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEYS.
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
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THE STUDY OF THE CHANGES IN CELL AND ORGAN FUNCTIONS AS A RESULT OF MUSCULAR ACTIVITY.
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
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THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE AND AGING.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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THE SMALLEST UNITS OF MATTER THAT PARTICIPATE IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS.
ATOMS
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TWO OR MORE ATOMS JOINED TOGETHER.
MOLECULE
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THE BASIC STRUCTUAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF AN ORGANISM.
CELL
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THE 5 LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION IN THE HUMAN BODY.
CHEMICAL, CELLULAR, TISSUE, ORGAN,SYSTEM
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GROUPS OF CELLS & THE MATERIALS SURROUNDING THEM THAT WORK TOGETHER TO PERFORM A PARTICULAR FUNCTION.
TISSUES
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THE 4 BASIC TYPES OF TISSUE.
EPITHELIAL, CONNECTIVE, MUSCULAR, NERVOUS
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THE STRUCTURES THAT ARE COMPOSED OF TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT TYPES OF TISSUES AND HAVE SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS WITH USUALLY RECOGNIZABLE SHAPES.
ORGANS
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RELATED ORGANS WITH A COMMON FUNCTION.
A SYSTEM
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ANY LIVING INDIVIDUAL.
AN ORGANISM
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AN EXAMINATION DONE BY GENTLY TOUCHING (FEELING) BODY SURFACES WITH HANDS.
PALPATION
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AN EXAMINATION DONE BY LISTENING TO BODY SOUNDS TO EVALUATE THE FUNCTIONING OF ORGANS.
AUSCULTATION
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AN EXAMINATION DONE BY TAPPING ON THE BODY SURFACE WITH FINGERTIPS AND LISTENING TO THE RESULTING ECHO.
PERCUSSION
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THE SUM OF ALL THE CHEMICAL PROCESSES THAT OCCUR IN THE BODY.
METABOLISM
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THE BREAKDOWN OF COMPLEX CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES INTO SIMPLER COMPONENTS.
CATABOLISM
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THE BUILDING UP OF COMPLEX CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES FROM SMALLER, SIMPLER COMPONENTS.
ANABOLISM
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THE BODY'S ABILITY TO DETECT AND RESPOND TO CHANGES.
RESPONSIVENESS
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MOTION OF THE WHOLE BODY, INDIVIDUAL ORGANS, SINGLE CELLS, AND STRUCTURES INSIDE OF CELLS.
MOVEMENT
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AN INCREASE IN BODY SIZE THAT RESULTS FROM AN INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF EXISTING CELLS
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AN INCREASE IN BODY SIZE THAT RESULTS FROM AN INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF EXISTING CELLS, AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CELLS, OR BOTH.
GROWTH
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CELL FROM AN UNSPECIALIZED TO A SPECIALIZED STATE.
DIFFERENTIATION
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PRECURSOR CELLS WHICH CAN DIVIDE AND GIVE RISE TO CELLS THAT UNDERGO DIFFERENTIATION.
STEM CELLS
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THE FORMATION OF NEW CELLS FOR TISSUE GROWTH, REPAIR, OR REPLACEMENT.
REPRODUCTION
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A POSTMORTEM EXAMINATION OF THE BODY AND DISSECTION OF ITS INTERNAL ORGANS TO CONFIRM OR DETERMINE CAUSE OF DEATH.
AUTOPSY
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THE CONDITION OF EQUILIBRIUM IN THE BODY'S INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT DUE TO CONSTANT INTERACTION OF THE BODY'S REGULATORY PROCESSES.
HOMEOSTASIS
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DILUTE, WATERY SOLUTIONS CONTAINING DISSOLVED CHEMICALS THAT ARE FOUND INSIDE & OUTSIDE CELLS.
BODY FLUIDS
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THE FLUID INSIDE OF CELLS.
INTRACELLULAR FLUID (ICF)
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THE FLUID OUTSIDE BODY CELLS.
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID (ECF)
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THE ECF THAT FILLS THE NARROW SPACES BETWEEN CELLS OF TISSUES.
INTERSTITIAL FLUID
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THE ECF WITHIN BLOOD VESSELS.
BLOOD PLASMA
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THE ECF WITHIN LYMPHATIC VESSELS.
LYMPH
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THE ECF AROUND THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD.
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
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THE ECF IN JOINTS.
SYNOVIAL FLUID
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THE ECF IN THE EYES
AQUEOUS HUMOR & VITREOUS BODY
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A CYCLE OF EVENTS IN WHICH THE STATUS OF A BODY CONDITION IS MONITORED, EVALUATED, CHANGED, REMONITORED, REEVALUATED, ETC.
FEEDBACK SYSTEM (FEEDBACK LOOP)
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A MONITORED VARIABLE LIKE BODY TEMPERATURE OR BLOOD PRESSURE.
CONTROLLED CONDITION
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A DISRUPTION THAT CHANGES A CONTROLLED CONDITION.
STIMULUS
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A BODY STRUCTURE THAT MONITORS CHANGES IN A CONTROLLED CONDITION AND SENDS INPUT TO A CONTROL CENTER.
RECEPTOR
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AN ORGAN THAT SETS THE RANGE OF VALUES WITHIN WHICH A CONTROLLED CONDTITION SHOULD BE MAINTAINED, EVALUTATES THE INPUT AND GENERATES OUTPUT WHEN NEEDED.
CONTROL CENTER
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A BODY STRUCTURE THAT RECIEVES OUTPUT FROM THE CONTROL CENTER AND PRODUCES A RESPONSE OR EFFECT THAT CHANGES THE CONTROLLED CONDITION.
EFFECTOR
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A FEEDBACK SYSTEM THAT REVERSES A CHANGE IN A CONTROLLED CONDITION.
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM
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A FEEDBACK SYSTEM THAT TENDS TO STRENGTHEN OR REINFORE A CHANGE IN ONE OF THE BODY'S CONTROLLED CONDITIONS.
POSTIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM
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ANY ABNORMALTY OF STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION.
DISORDER
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AN ILLNESS CHARACTERIZED BY A RECOGNIZABLE SET OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS.
DISEASE
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SUBJECTIVE CHANGES IN BODY FUNCTIONS THAT ARE NOT APPARENT TO AN OBSERVER.
SYMPTOMS
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OBJECTIVE CHANGES THAT A CLINICIAN CAN OBSERVE AND MEASURE.
SIGNS
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THE SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH WHY, WHEN, AND WHERE DISEASES OCCUR AND HOW THEY ARE TRANSMITTED.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
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THE SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH EFFECTS AND USES OF DRUG IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE.
PHARMACOLOGY
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THE SCIENCE AND SKILL OF DISTINGUISHING ONE DISORDER OR DISEASE FROM ANOTHER.
DIAGNOSIS
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POSITION WHERE SUBJECT STANDS ERECT FACING THE OBSERVER, WITH THE HEAD LEVEL AND THE EYES FACING DIRECTLY FORWARD, FEET FLAT ON FLOOR & DIRECTED FORWARD, & THE UPPER LIMBS ARE AT THE SIDES WITH THE PALMS TURNED FORWARD.
ANATOMICAL POSITION
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BODY LYING FACE DOWN.
PRONE POSITION
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BODY LYING FACE UP
SUPINE POSITION
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THE REGION OF THE BODY THAT CONSISTS OF THE SKULL AND FACE.
HEAD
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PART OF THE BODY THAT SUPPORTS THE HEAD AND ATTACHES IT TO THE TRUNK.
NECK
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THE REGION OF THE BODY THE CONSISTS OF THE CHEST, ABDOMEN, AND PELVIS.
TRUNK
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THE REGION OF THE BODY THAT ATTACHES TO THE TRUNK AND CONSISTS OF SHOULDER, ARMPIT, ARM, FOREARM AND HAND.
UPPER LIMB
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THE REGION OF THE BODY THAT ATTACHES TO THE TRUNK AND CONSISTS OF THE BUTTOCK, THIGH, LEG, ANKLE, AND FOOT.
LOWER LIMB
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WORDS THAT DESCRIBE THE POSITION OF ONE BODY PART RELATIVE TO ANOTHER.
DIRECTIONAL TERMS
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DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS FRONT.
ANTERIOR
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DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS BACK.
POSTERIOR
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DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS TOWARD THE UPPER PART OF THE BODY.
SUPERIOR
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DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS TOWARD THE LOWER PART OF THE BODY.
INFERIOR
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DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS NEARER THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY.
MEDIAL
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DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS FARTHER FROM THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY.
LATERAL
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DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS BETWEEN TWO STRUCTURES.
INTERMEDIATE
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DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS ON THE SAME SIDE OF THE BODY AS ANOTHER STRUCTURE.
IPSILATERAL
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DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE BODY FROM ANOTHER STRUCTURE.
CONTRALATERAL
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DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS NEARER TO THE ATTACHMENT OF A LIMB TO THE TRUNK, NEARER TO THE ORIGINATION OF A STRUCTURE.
PROXIMAL
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DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS FURTHER FROM THE ATTACHMENT OF A LIMB TO THE TRUNK, FARTHER FROM THE ORIGINATION OF A STRUCTURE.
DISTAL
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DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS TOWARD OR ON THE SURFACE OF THE BODY.
SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL)
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DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS AWAY FROM THE SURFACE OF THE BODY.
DEEP (INTERNAL)
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IMAGINARY FLAT SURFACES THAT PASS THROUGH THE BODY PARTS.
PLANES
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A VERTICAL PLANE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY OR AN ORGAN INTO RIGHT AND LEFT SIDES.
SAGITTAL PLANE
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A PLANE THAT PASSES THROUGH THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY OR AN ORGAN, DIVIDING IT INTO EQUAL RIGHT AND LEFT SIDES.
MIDSAGITTAL PLANE (MEDIAN PLANE)
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A SAGITTAL PLANE THAT DOES NOT PLASS THROUGH THE MIDLINE BUT INSTEAD DIVIDES THE BODY OR ORGAN INTO UNEQUAL RIGHT AND LEFT SIDES.
PARASAGITTAL PLANE
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A PLANE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY OR ORGAN INTO ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR PORTIONS.
FRONTAL OR CORONAL PLANE
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A PLANE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY OR AN ORGAN INTO SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR PORTIONS.
TRANSVERSE PLANE (CROSS-SECTIONAL OR HORTZONTAL PLANE)
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A PLANE THAT PASSES THROUGH THE BODY OR AN ORGAN AT AN ANGLE BETWEEN A TRANSVERSE & SAGITTAL PLANE OR BETWEEN A TRANSVERSE & FRONTAL PLANE.
OBLIQUE PLANE
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A CUT OF THE BODY OR ONE OF ITS ORGANS MADE ALONG ONE OF THE PLANES.
SECTION
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SPACES WITHIN THE BODY THAT HELP PROTECT, SEPARATE, AND SUPPORT INTERNAL ORGANS.
BODY CAVITIES
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FORMED BY THE CRANIAL BONES AND CONTAINS THE BRAIN.
CRANIAL CAVITY
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FORMED BY THE BONES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND CONTAINS THE SPINAL CORD.
VERTEBRAL (SPINAL) CANAL
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THREE LAYERS OF PROTECTIVE TISSUE THAT LINE THE CRANIAL CAVITY AND THE VERTEBRAL CANAL.
MENINGES
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FORMED BY THE RIBS, MUSCLES OF THE CHEST, STERNUM, AND THE THORACIC PORTION OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN.
THORACIC CAVITY
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A FLUID-FILLED SPACE THAT SURROUNDS THE HEART WITHIN THE THORACIC CAVITY.
PERICARDIAL CAVITY
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TWO FLUID-FILLED SPACES, ONE AROUND EACH LUNG WITHIN THE THORACIC CAVITY.
PLEURAL CAVITIES
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THE CENTRAL PART OF THE THORACIC CAVITY.
MEDIASTINUM
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THE DOME-SHAPED MUSCLE THAT SEPARATES THE THORACIC CAVITY FROM THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY.
DIAPHRAGM
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THE SUPERIOR PORTION OF THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY THAT CONTAINS THE STOMACH, SPLEEN, LIVER, GALLBLADDER, SMALL INTESTINE, & MOST OF LARGE INTESTINE.
ABDOMINAL CAVITY
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THE INFERIOR PORTION OF THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY THAT CONTAINS THE BLADDER, PART OF THE LARGE INTESTINE, & INTERNAL ORGANS OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.
PELVIC CAVITY
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ORGANS INSIDE THE THORACIC & ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES
VISCERA
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THIN, SLIPPERY, DOUBLE LAYERED MEMBRANE THAT COVERS THE VISCERA WITHIN THE THORACIC & ABDOMINAL CAVITIES.
SEROUS MEMBRANE
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PART OF THE SEROUS MEMBRANE THAT LINE THE WALLS OF THE CAVITIES.
PARIETAL LAYER
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PART OF THE SEROUS MEMBRANE THAT COVERS & ADHERES TO THE VISCERA WITHIN THE CAVITIES.
VISCERAL LAYER
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THE SEROUS MEMBRANE OF THE PLEURAL CAVITIES.
PLEURA
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THE SEROUS MEMBRANE OF THE PERICARDIAL CAVITY.
PERICARDIUM
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THE SEROUS MEMBRANE OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY.
PERITONEUM
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ORGANS LOCATED BETWEEN THE PARIETAL PERITONEUM & THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL.
RETROPERITONEAL
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CAVITY WHICH CONTAINS THE TONGUE AND TEETH.
ORAL CAVITY (MOUTH)
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CAVITY WHICH IS LOCATED IN THE NOSE.
NASAL CAVITY
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CAVITY WHICH CONTAINS THE EYEBALLS.
ORBITAL CAVITIES
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CAVITY WHICH CONTAINS THE SMALL BONES OF THE EAR.
MIDDLE EAR CAVITIES
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CAVITIES THAT ARE FOUND IN FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS AND CONTAIN SYNOVIAL FLUID.
SYNOVIAL CAVITIES
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TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES USED TO CREATE IMAGES OF THE HUMAN BODY.
MEDICAL IMAGING
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X-RAYS OF THE BREAST.
MAMMOGRAPHY
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X-RAYS USED FOR DETERMING BONE DENSITY.
BONE DENSITOMETRY
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CONTRAST X-RAYS TO IMAGE BLOOD VESSELS.
ANGIOGRAPHY
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CONTRAST X-RAYS USED TO IMAGE THE URINARY SYSTEM.
INTRAVENOUS UROGRAPHY
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CONTRAST X-RAYS USED TO IMAGINE THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
BARIUM CONTRAST X-RAY
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THE VISUAL EXAMINATION OF THE INSIDE OF BODY ORGANS OR CAVITIES USING A LIGHTED INSTRUMENT WITH A LENSE.
ENDOSCOPY
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