CHAPTER 1

THE SCIENCE OF BODY STRUCTURES AND THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THEM.

THE CAREFUL CUTTING APART OF BODY STRUCTURES TO STUDY THEIR RELATIONSHIPS.

THE SCIENCE OF BODY FUNCTIONS.

THE STUDY OF THE FIRST EIGHT WEEKS OF DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING FERTILIZATION OF AN EGG IN HUMANS.

THE STUDY OF THE COMPLETE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL FROM FERTILIZATION OF AN EGG TO DEATH.

THE STUDY OF CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION.

THE STUDY OF THE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF TISSUES.

THE STUDY OF THE SURFACE MARKINGS OF THE BODY TO UNDERSTAND INTERNAL ANATOMY THROUGH VISUALIZATION AND PALPATION. (GENTLE TOUCH)

THE STUDY OF STRUCTURES THAT CAN BE EXAMINED WITHOUT USING A MICROSCOPE.

THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF SPECIFIC SYSTEMS OF THE BODY SUCH AS THE NERVOUS OR RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS.

THE STUDY OF THE SPECIFIC REGIONS OF THE BODY SUCH AS THE HEAD OR CHEST.

THE STUDY OF THE BODY STRUCTURES THAT CAN BE VISUALIZED WITH X-RAYS.

THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURAL CHANGES(FROM GROSS TO MICROSCOPIC) ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE.

THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF NERVE CELLS.

THE STUDY OF HORMONES AND HOW THEY CONTROL BODY FUNCTIONS.

THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS.

THE STUDY OF HOW THE BODY DEFENDS ITSELF AGAINST DISEASE-CAUSING AGENTS.

THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE AIR PASSAGEWAYS AND LUNGS.

THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEYS.

THE STUDY OF THE CHANGES IN CELL AND ORGAN FUNCTIONS AS A RESULT OF MUSCULAR ACTIVITY.

THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE AND AGING.

THE SMALLEST UNITS OF MATTER THAT PARTICIPATE IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS.

TWO OR MORE ATOMS JOINED TOGETHER.

THE BASIC STRUCTUAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF AN ORGANISM.

THE 5 LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION IN THE HUMAN BODY.

GROUPS OF CELLS & THE MATERIALS SURROUNDING THEM THAT WORK TOGETHER TO PERFORM A PARTICULAR FUNCTION.

THE 4 BASIC TYPES OF TISSUE.

THE STRUCTURES THAT ARE COMPOSED OF TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT TYPES OF TISSUES AND HAVE SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS WITH USUALLY RECOGNIZABLE SHAPES.

RELATED ORGANS WITH A COMMON FUNCTION.

ANY LIVING INDIVIDUAL.

AN EXAMINATION DONE BY GENTLY TOUCHING (FEELING) BODY SURFACES WITH HANDS.

AN EXAMINATION DONE BY LISTENING TO BODY SOUNDS TO EVALUATE THE FUNCTIONING OF ORGANS.

AN EXAMINATION DONE BY TAPPING ON THE BODY SURFACE WITH FINGERTIPS AND LISTENING TO THE RESULTING ECHO.

THE SUM OF ALL THE CHEMICAL PROCESSES THAT OCCUR IN THE BODY.

THE BREAKDOWN OF COMPLEX CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES INTO SIMPLER COMPONENTS.

THE BUILDING UP OF COMPLEX CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES FROM SMALLER, SIMPLER COMPONENTS.

THE BODY'S ABILITY TO DETECT AND RESPOND TO CHANGES.

MOTION OF THE WHOLE BODY, INDIVIDUAL ORGANS, SINGLE CELLS, AND STRUCTURES INSIDE OF CELLS.

AN INCREASE IN BODY SIZE THAT RESULTS FROM AN INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF EXISTING CELLS

AN INCREASE IN BODY SIZE THAT RESULTS FROM AN INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF EXISTING CELLS, AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CELLS, OR BOTH.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CELL FROM AN UNSPECIALIZED TO A SPECIALIZED STATE.

PRECURSOR CELLS WHICH CAN DIVIDE AND GIVE RISE TO CELLS THAT UNDERGO DIFFERENTIATION.

THE FORMATION OF NEW CELLS FOR TISSUE GROWTH, REPAIR, OR REPLACEMENT.

A POSTMORTEM EXAMINATION OF THE BODY AND DISSECTION OF ITS INTERNAL ORGANS TO CONFIRM OR DETERMINE CAUSE OF DEATH.

THE CONDITION OF EQUILIBRIUM IN THE BODY'S INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT DUE TO CONSTANT INTERACTION OF THE BODY'S REGULATORY PROCESSES.

DILUTE, WATERY SOLUTIONS CONTAINING DISSOLVED CHEMICALS THAT ARE FOUND INSIDE & OUTSIDE CELLS.

THE FLUID INSIDE OF CELLS.

THE FLUID OUTSIDE BODY CELLS.

THE ECF THAT FILLS THE NARROW SPACES BETWEEN CELLS OF TISSUES.

THE ECF WITHIN BLOOD VESSELS.

THE ECF WITHIN LYMPHATIC VESSELS.

THE ECF AROUND THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD.

THE ECF IN JOINTS.

THE ECF IN THE EYES

A CYCLE OF EVENTS IN WHICH THE STATUS OF A BODY CONDITION IS MONITORED, EVALUATED, CHANGED, REMONITORED, REEVALUATED, ETC.

A MONITORED VARIABLE LIKE BODY TEMPERATURE OR BLOOD PRESSURE.

A DISRUPTION THAT CHANGES A CONTROLLED CONDITION.

A BODY STRUCTURE THAT MONITORS CHANGES IN A CONTROLLED CONDITION AND SENDS INPUT TO A CONTROL CENTER.

AN ORGAN THAT SETS THE RANGE OF VALUES WITHIN WHICH A CONTROLLED CONDTITION SHOULD BE MAINTAINED, EVALUTATES THE INPUT AND GENERATES OUTPUT WHEN NEEDED.

A BODY STRUCTURE THAT RECIEVES OUTPUT FROM THE CONTROL CENTER AND PRODUCES A RESPONSE OR EFFECT THAT CHANGES THE CONTROLLED CONDITION.

A FEEDBACK SYSTEM THAT REVERSES A CHANGE IN A CONTROLLED CONDITION.

A FEEDBACK SYSTEM THAT TENDS TO STRENGTHEN OR REINFORE A CHANGE IN ONE OF THE BODY'S CONTROLLED CONDITIONS.

ANY ABNORMALTY OF STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION.

AN ILLNESS CHARACTERIZED BY A RECOGNIZABLE SET OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS.

SUBJECTIVE CHANGES IN BODY FUNCTIONS THAT ARE NOT APPARENT TO AN OBSERVER.

OBJECTIVE CHANGES THAT A CLINICIAN CAN OBSERVE AND MEASURE.

THE SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH WHY, WHEN, AND WHERE DISEASES OCCUR AND HOW THEY ARE TRANSMITTED.

THE SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH EFFECTS AND USES OF DRUG IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE.

THE SCIENCE AND SKILL OF DISTINGUISHING ONE DISORDER OR DISEASE FROM ANOTHER.

POSITION WHERE SUBJECT STANDS ERECT FACING THE OBSERVER, WITH THE HEAD LEVEL AND THE EYES FACING DIRECTLY FORWARD, FEET FLAT ON FLOOR & DIRECTED FORWARD, & THE UPPER LIMBS ARE AT THE SIDES WITH THE PALMS TURNED FORWARD.

BODY LYING FACE DOWN.

BODY LYING FACE UP

THE REGION OF THE BODY THAT CONSISTS OF THE SKULL AND FACE.

PART OF THE BODY THAT SUPPORTS THE HEAD AND ATTACHES IT TO THE TRUNK.

THE REGION OF THE BODY THE CONSISTS OF THE CHEST, ABDOMEN, AND PELVIS.

THE REGION OF THE BODY THAT ATTACHES TO THE TRUNK AND CONSISTS OF SHOULDER, ARMPIT, ARM, FOREARM AND HAND.

THE REGION OF THE BODY THAT ATTACHES TO THE TRUNK AND CONSISTS OF THE BUTTOCK, THIGH, LEG, ANKLE, AND FOOT.

WORDS THAT DESCRIBE THE POSITION OF ONE BODY PART RELATIVE TO ANOTHER.

DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS FRONT.

DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS BACK.

DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS TOWARD THE UPPER PART OF THE BODY.

DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS TOWARD THE LOWER PART OF THE BODY.

DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS NEARER THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY.

DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS FARTHER FROM THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY.

DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS BETWEEN TWO STRUCTURES.

DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS ON THE SAME SIDE OF THE BODY AS ANOTHER STRUCTURE.

DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE BODY FROM ANOTHER STRUCTURE.

DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS NEARER TO THE ATTACHMENT OF A LIMB TO THE TRUNK, NEARER TO THE ORIGINATION OF A STRUCTURE.

DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS FURTHER FROM THE ATTACHMENT OF A LIMB TO THE TRUNK, FARTHER FROM THE ORIGINATION OF A STRUCTURE.

DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS TOWARD OR ON THE SURFACE OF THE BODY.

DIRECTIONAL TERM THAT MEANS AWAY FROM THE SURFACE OF THE BODY.

IMAGINARY FLAT SURFACES THAT PASS THROUGH THE BODY PARTS.

A VERTICAL PLANE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY OR AN ORGAN INTO RIGHT AND LEFT SIDES.

A PLANE THAT PASSES THROUGH THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY OR AN ORGAN, DIVIDING IT INTO EQUAL RIGHT AND LEFT SIDES.

A SAGITTAL PLANE THAT DOES NOT PLASS THROUGH THE MIDLINE BUT INSTEAD DIVIDES THE BODY OR ORGAN INTO UNEQUAL RIGHT AND LEFT SIDES.

A PLANE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY OR ORGAN INTO ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR PORTIONS.

A PLANE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY OR AN ORGAN INTO SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR PORTIONS.

A PLANE THAT PASSES THROUGH THE BODY OR AN ORGAN AT AN ANGLE BETWEEN A TRANSVERSE & SAGITTAL PLANE OR BETWEEN A TRANSVERSE & FRONTAL PLANE.

A CUT OF THE BODY OR ONE OF ITS ORGANS MADE ALONG ONE OF THE PLANES.

SPACES WITHIN THE BODY THAT HELP PROTECT, SEPARATE, AND SUPPORT INTERNAL ORGANS.

FORMED BY THE CRANIAL BONES AND CONTAINS THE BRAIN.

FORMED BY THE BONES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND CONTAINS THE SPINAL CORD.

THREE LAYERS OF PROTECTIVE TISSUE THAT LINE THE CRANIAL CAVITY AND THE VERTEBRAL CANAL.

FORMED BY THE RIBS, MUSCLES OF THE CHEST, STERNUM, AND THE THORACIC PORTION OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN.

A FLUID-FILLED SPACE THAT SURROUNDS THE HEART WITHIN THE THORACIC CAVITY.

TWO FLUID-FILLED SPACES, ONE AROUND EACH LUNG WITHIN THE THORACIC CAVITY.

THE CENTRAL PART OF THE THORACIC CAVITY.

THE DOME-SHAPED MUSCLE THAT SEPARATES THE THORACIC CAVITY FROM THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY.

THE SUPERIOR PORTION OF THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY THAT CONTAINS THE STOMACH, SPLEEN, LIVER, GALLBLADDER, SMALL INTESTINE, & MOST OF LARGE INTESTINE.

THE INFERIOR PORTION OF THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY THAT CONTAINS THE BLADDER, PART OF THE LARGE INTESTINE, & INTERNAL ORGANS OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.

ORGANS INSIDE THE THORACIC & ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES

THIN, SLIPPERY, DOUBLE LAYERED MEMBRANE THAT COVERS THE VISCERA WITHIN THE THORACIC & ABDOMINAL CAVITIES.

PART OF THE SEROUS MEMBRANE THAT LINE THE WALLS OF THE CAVITIES.

PART OF THE SEROUS MEMBRANE THAT COVERS & ADHERES TO THE VISCERA WITHIN THE CAVITIES.

THE SEROUS MEMBRANE OF THE PLEURAL CAVITIES.

THE SEROUS MEMBRANE OF THE PERICARDIAL CAVITY.

THE SEROUS MEMBRANE OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY.

ORGANS LOCATED BETWEEN THE PARIETAL PERITONEUM & THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL.

CAVITY WHICH CONTAINS THE TONGUE AND TEETH.

CAVITY WHICH IS LOCATED IN THE NOSE.

CAVITY WHICH CONTAINS THE EYEBALLS.

CAVITY WHICH CONTAINS THE SMALL BONES OF THE EAR.

CAVITIES THAT ARE FOUND IN FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS AND CONTAIN SYNOVIAL FLUID.

TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES USED TO CREATE IMAGES OF THE HUMAN BODY.

X-RAYS OF THE BREAST.

X-RAYS USED FOR DETERMING BONE DENSITY.

CONTRAST X-RAYS TO IMAGE BLOOD VESSELS.

CONTRAST X-RAYS USED TO IMAGE THE URINARY SYSTEM.

CONTRAST X-RAYS USED TO IMAGINE THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

THE VISUAL EXAMINATION OF THE INSIDE OF BODY ORGANS OR CAVITIES USING A LIGHTED INSTRUMENT WITH A LENSE.