Systemic Anatomy

• a.
• Chemical – which makes up all
• the organisms. It involves the interactions between atoms and their molecule
• combination. The function of a molecule is relevant to its structure.

• b.
• Cellular – Molecules combined
• form this characteristic. Cells are the basic structural and functional units
• of an organism. Many cells differ in structure and function, but many
• characteristics are shared.

• c.
• Tissue – This is where groups
• of cells with similar function and structure form together. There are four
• types of tissues

i. Epithelial – covers the organs


ii. Connective – connects bones etc.


iii. Muscle tissue


iv. Nervous tissue – gives orders to other parts of the body

• d.
• Organ – Two or more tissues
• joined together. Each organ has a specific shape and function e.g. eyes, heart,
• skin

• e.
• System – A group of organs
• grouped together because of a particular function. There are 11 systems.

• f.
• Organismal – This is the
• largest characteristic. Any living thing considered as a whole defines it. Not
• dependent on the number of cells.

Refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body.

A substance that is essential for growth and maintenance of life.

A process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances

Refers to the process of eliminating waste matter

Refers to the process of breaking down food into a substance that the body can use to produce energy

The science of the body structures. It studies the shape & structure of an organisms body & the relationship between body parts

The study of large and observable structures on an organism. They are visible to the naked eye

• The study of the configuration
• of the surface of the body. Especially in relation to it’s internal parts.

Is the study of the specific regions of the body

• Is the study of the structure and location of body parts, system by system
• e.g. nervous system anatomy, reproductive anatomy

Studies the growth & development of an organism during its lifetime

Studies the growth & development of an organism during its lifetime

The study of the structure, function and development of cells that comprise the different body parts

The study of the tissues and organs that make up the entire body

The science of body functions. It studies the functions of each body part and how the functions coordinate to form a complete living organism

• i. Neurophysiology
• – studies the functional properties of nerve cells
• ii. Cell physiology – studies the functions of cells
• iii. Cardiovascular physiology – Studies the functions of the heart and blood vessels
• iv. Exercise physiology – studies the changes that occur in the cells and organs as a result of exercise
• v. Immunology – studies how the body defends itself against disease causing agents
• vi. Systemic physiology – studies the functions of specific organs