Microbiology Chapt. 24

Where in the kidney is blood initially filtered to form urine?
A. the renal capsule
B. the collecting duct
C. efferent arterioles
D. the renal pyramids
E. the nephron

All of the following can cause urinary tract infections EXCEPT:
A. Klebsiella
B. Leptospira
C. E. coli
D. Pseudomonas
E. Proteus

Which of the following structures allows fetal blood vessels to exchange nutrients and wastes with the mother’s blood vessels?
A. the uterine tubes
B. the cervix
C. the uterus
D. the clitoris
E. the placenta

Leptospira interrogans gets its name from
A. the fact that one end of the spirochete is curved like a question mark
B. its spiral shape
C. its ability to infect many wild and domestic animals
D. its corkscrew movement
E. the presence of two axial filaments, each of which is anchored at one end

Mature sperm cells are stored in a male’s
A. prepuce
B. vas deferens
C. prostate gland
D. epididymis
E. testes

The majority of cases of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome occur in
A. nasal surgery patients
B. newly delivered mothers
C. uncircumcised males
D. anyone with an S. aureus infection
E. menstruating women

At what age is a young female most susceptible to urinary tract infections?
A. 12 years old
B. 18 years old
C. at birth
D. 3 years old
E. 10 years old

All of the following are true statements concerning bacterial vaginosis EXCEPT:
A. it occurs when the vaginal pH becomes more acidic
B. it occurs when the normal microbiota of the vagina are replaced
C. it is characterized by a white discharge with a “fishy” odor
D. it is not known to be sexually transmitted
E. “Clue cells” are important in the diagnosis

Candidiasis is what type of infection?
A. viral
B. bacterial
C. spirochete
D. yeast
E. protozoan

Which of the following is associated with Candida infections?
A. pseudohyphae
B. pelvic inflammatory disease
C. reticulate bodies
D. lymphogranuloma venereum
E. gummas

Neisseria gonorrhoeae most commonly infects which of the following in females?
a. the uterus/uterine tubes
b. the vagina
c. the cervix
d. the fallopian tubes
e. the ovaries

All of the following are true statements concerning syphilis EXCEPT:
A. the causative agent lives only in humans
B. latency of the disease by last more than 10 years
C. untreated, the disease goes through three phases
D. the causative agent cannot survive in the environment
E. penicillin G is the drug of choice for most phases of the disease

The typical sign of primary syphilis is
A. a widespread rash
B. lymphadenopathy
C. a chancre at the site of infection
D. gummas in various organs
E. paralysis

All of the following are signs and symptoms of secondary syphilis EXCEPT:
A. dementia
B. a widespread rash
C. sore throat
D. lymphadenopathy
E. myalgia

Syphilis can be transmitted
A. by sexual contact
B. from mother to fetus
C. by fomites
D. both A and B
E. A, B, and C

The noninfective, obligate intracellular forms of chlamydia are called
A. phagosomes
B. reticulate bodies
C. elementary bodies
D. glomerular capsules
E. pseudohyphae

The most common sexually transmitted bacterium in the United States is
a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
b. Haemophilus ducreyi
c. Treponema pallidum
d. Chlamydia trachomatis
e. Mycoplasma hominis

In addition to the genital tract, various strains of Chlamydia trachomatis can infect which of the following?
A. lymph nodes
B. the lungs
C. the conjunctiva
D. both A and C
E. A, B, and C

Chancroid (soft genital ulcers) is caused by
a. herpes simplex virus type 2
b. Trichomonas vaginalis
c. Haemophilus ducreyi
d. Treponema pallidum
e. Mycoplasma hominis

The major sign of H. ducreyi infection is most like the major sign of infections of which of the following?
A. S. aureus
B. N. gonorrhoeae
C. T. pallidum
d. C. albicans
e. C trachomatis

A diagnosis of genital herpes is confirmed by the
A. appearance of stained tissue specimens
B. detection of herpesvirus DNA by PCR
C. location of herpetic lesions
D. appearance and size of herpetic lesions
E. binding of fluorescent antibodies

All of the following are effective ways to prevent transmission of genital herpes EXCEPT:
A. use of a condom during intercourse
B. delivery of a newborn by cesarean section
C. all of these are effective ways to prevent transmission
D. sexual abstinence
E. prophylactic administration of acyclovir

Pap smears are used in the diagnosis of
A. cervical cancer
B. tertiary syphilis
C. genital herpes
D. chancroid
E. trichomoniasis

Condylomata acuminata (precancerous genital warts) are associated with infections of which of the following?
a. Trichomonas vaginalis
b. herpes simplex virus type 1
c. papillomaviruses
d. herpes simplex virus type 2
e. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Of the four stages of syphilis, which one is caused by the immune system's reaction to the disease?
A. latent
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. primary

Streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis is caused by the accumulation of antigen-antibody complexes in the golmeruli and nephrons. Which group of streptococci are responsible for this disease?
a. group A
b. group B
c. group C
d. group D

Which organism is normally found in the vaginal microbiota and when present, helps to control the growth of Candida albicans?
A. lactobacillus species
B. Group A streptococci
C. N. Gonorrheae
d. Leptospira interrogans

Which major pathogen is most frequently found on "clue cells" associated with bacterial vaginosis?
a. Gardnerella vaginalis
b. Leptospira interrogans
c. Treponema pallidum
d. Chlamydia trachomatis

All of the following are true concerning the spread of STDs EXCEPT:
A. femal adolescents are at risk due to the cervical lining is prone to bacterial infection
B. presence of lesions from STDs are a risk factor for transmission of HIV
C. condoms must be used properly and consistently to provide protection
D. the incidence of STDs worldwide is decreasing

All of the following statements concerning manifestation of gonorrhea in women are true EXCEPT:
A. causes urethral inflammation and painful urination
B. infection of children can occur during childbirth
C. can result in PID, ectopic pregnancy, and sterility
D. can infect the cervix and uterine tubes