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The blood carries
nutrients from the intestine to the ________, which releases them to the heart,
which pumps them to the waiting body tissues.
liver
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When the pancreas
detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar, glucose, it releases:
insulin
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The nervous system's
role in hunger regulation is coordinated by the:
brain
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The four basic
chemical tastes include sweet, sour, bitter and salty. A fifth taste, the
taste of ________, is called savory or "umami."
-
The stomach and
intestine take up the task of liquefying foods through various mashing and
squeezing actions called:
peristalsis
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Food that is ground
and mixed with digestive chemicals in the stomach is called:
chyme
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Cells in the stomach
release gastric juice, a mixture of water, enzymes, and hydrochloric acid
needed to initiate digestion of:
protein
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The primary organ of
digestion and absorption is the:
-
Essay
When food leaves the
stomach and enters the small intestine, which of the following occurs?
- a. Hormones
- signal the gallbladder to contact and squirt bile into the small intestine.
- [ ]
- b. Hormones signal the pancreas to release pancreatic juice
- containing bicarbonate.
- [ ]
- c. The food entering the small intestine is neutralized by
- bicarbonate.
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Essay
Digestion of
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins results in ________, ________, and ________,
respectively.
- simple sugars, fatty
- acids, amino acids
-
The small intestine
is wrinkled into thousands of folds that:
- . serve
- to increase its absorbing surface area
-
Erosion of the
lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine is called a(n):
ulcer
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Once dissolved, the
mineral ________ helps to regulate blood pressure, and its excretion or
retention by the kidneys is a vital part of the body's blood
pressure-controlling mechanism.
sodium
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The ________
regulate(s) the fluid volume and concentrations of substances in the blood and
extracellular fluid with great precision.
kidneys
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The body's energy
stores are of two principal kinds: ________ in muscle and liver cells and
________ in fat cells.
glycogen, fat
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A body mass index
(BMI) of 25.0–29.9 in an adult indicates:
overweight
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Older people
generally need less energy than younger people due to:
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