Final Exam Review

The blood carries
nutrients from the intestine to the ________, which releases them to the heart,
which pumps them to the waiting body tissues.

When the pancreas
detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar, glucose, it releases:

The nervous system's
role in hunger regulation is coordinated by the:

The four basic
chemical tastes include sweet, sour, bitter and salty. A fifth taste, the
taste of ________, is called savory or "umami."

The stomach and
intestine take up the task of liquefying foods through various mashing and
squeezing actions called:

Food that is ground
and mixed with digestive chemicals in the stomach is called:

Cells in the stomach
release gastric juice, a mixture of water, enzymes, and hydrochloric acid
needed to initiate digestion of:

The primary organ of
digestion and absorption is the:

Essay

When food leaves the
stomach and enters the small intestine, which of the following occurs?

Essay

Digestion of
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins results in ________, ________, and ________,
respectively.

The small intestine
is wrinkled into thousands of folds that:

Erosion of the
lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine is called a(n):

Once dissolved, the
mineral ________ helps to regulate blood pressure, and its excretion or
retention by the kidneys is a vital part of the body's blood
pressure-controlling mechanism.

The ________
regulate(s) the fluid volume and concentrations of substances in the blood and
extracellular fluid with great precision.

The body's energy
stores are of two principal kinds: ________ in muscle and liver cells and
________ in fat cells.

A body mass index
(BMI) of 25.0–29.9 in an adult indicates:

Older people
generally need less energy than younger people due to: