Microbiology Chapt. 16

Antigens are
A. specific molecules that the body recognizes as foreign
B. cells that protect the body against invaders
C. proteins the body produces against invading substances
D. enzymes secreted to destroy a pathogen's wall
E. proteins on the surface of our cells that pathogens attach to

Which of the following characteristics would NOT make a molecule more antigenic?
A. a complex molecule with many antigenic determinants
B. a molecule with a small molecular mass (less than 5000 daltons)
C. a molecule with many epitopes
D. complex molecules like a glycoprotein or phospholipid
E. a stable molecule that maintains a definite shape

An invading bacterial cell would be a source of which of the following?
A. self-antigens
B. exogenous antigens
C. autoantigens
D. antibody antigens
E. endogenous antigens

Which of the following statements about lymphocytes is incorrect?
A. B and T lymphocytes cannot be differentiated under the microscope
B. lymphocytes have integral surface glycoproteins by which they can be recognized
C. once they are mature, they migrate to the bone marrow
D. the glycoproteins on the surface of a lymphocyte are designated with the prefix CD, for cluster of differentiation
E. there are 250 types of CD molecules, some of which are present on lymphocytes

Lymph node aggregates are found in all of the following areas EXCEPT:
A. the wrist
B. the neck
C. the abdomen
D. the axilla (armpit)
E. the groin

Peyer's patches are found in the
A. mammary glands
B. tonsils
C. spleen
D. respiratory tract
E. small intestine

The designation "B" for B lymphocytes comes from
A. the sequence in which these lymphocytes were discovered
B. the bursa of Fabricius in birds where these cells were first identified
C. the fact that these cell produce antibodies
D. the bone marrow where these cells are produced
E. the ability of these cells to provide immunity through body fluids

Major histocompatibility antigens are
A. antigens attached to foreign invaders
B. antigens that must be processed by cells called histiocytes in order to be recognized by the immune system
C. glycoproteins found on the surface of most vertebrate animals
D. antigens that provoke allergic reactions
E. not really antigens, but rather antibodies produced to mask foreign antigens

Which of the following statements concerning adaptive immunity is incorrect?
A. it takes a long time to respond whenever it encounters a pathogen
B. it has memory
C. it is the body's ability to respond to specific invading pathogens
D. it is the third line of defense
E. it is acquired

What type of immunity is produced by the body when a person receives a vaccine?
A. naturally acquired passive immunity
B. artificially acquired passive immunity
C. artificially acquired active immunity
D. naturally acquired active immunity
E. inborn immunity

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the immune system?
A. the spleen
B. the lymph nodes
C. the tonsils
D. the liver
E. Peyer's patches

Enhanced immune responses to subsequent exposures to an antigen to which the body has already been exposed are known as
A. allergic responses
B. primary immune responses
C. third-degree immune responses
D. memory responses
E. autoimmune responses