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What are the 3 most common forms of communication?
- Informal interpersonal
- Formal Oral
- Written
- communication skills trail only leadership in skills employers desire
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6 Communication Basics
- Sender-encodes thoughts into words
- Message-meaning, idea or concept speaker is attempting to communicate via auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory(smell), gustatory(taste), gestural
- Medium-path msg takes...usually face to face
- Receiver-decodes; receiver's education, culture, perception, attitude, context play a role
- Interference-internal: hearing impairment;external:noise
- Feedback- completes the process; sender and receiver must agree on purpose
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Interpersonal Communication Purposes(5)
- Learning- acquire knowledge or skills
- Relating- Est. new relationships; gives new members a feeling of belonging
- Influencing-Control, direct, manipulate behavior, orders, counseling, intructing, citizens
- Playing- create diversion and gain pleasure; humor
- Helping-
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Words as Symbols
3 A's
- Words only provide receiver w/ 7% of message/ 93% NON-verbal...Words are:
- Arbitrary-different meanings to different people
- Ambiguous-meanings not specific or agreed upon
- Abstract-Meanings are generalizations rather than concrete meanings
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Non Verbal Component
- Non-Verbal transmits 55-93% of message; 55% kinesics, 38% tones
- kinesics-body motion
- paralanguage or vocalics-vowel sounds or tones
- self-presentation-clothing, touch, use of time, control of speakers environment
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What is kinesics?
- Eye contact-culturally sensitive
- Facial expressions-6 basic emotions, happy, sadness, surprise, fear, anger, disgust; should match message
- Gestures
- Posture-sitting, standing erect conveys self confidence
- Poise- accumulation of all the nv elements into one image of self confidence and authority
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5 Roles of Gestures
- 1. Emblems- gestures that take place of verbal communication
- 2. Illustrators-used to assist in the understanding of the verbal message
- 3. Affect displays- go w/ verbal expression of feeling; unconscious such as grinning
- 4. Regulators- used to control flow of conversation; feedback from the audience tells speaker to continue, expand on topic, or finish;nodding, raising eyebrows
- 5. Adaptors- unconscious gestures used to relieve stress; wring hands, tapping foot
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Listening percentages
- people remember,
- 50% of message after 24hrs;
- 25% after 48hrs
- Listenening is 42% of a person's day
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Cultural views of time
- Monochronic- time compartmentalized w/ events scheduled in succession and allotted certain amount of time; meetings start on time and tardiness frowned upon
- Polychronic- time viewed as cyclical with limited restrictions; punctuality is not important, schedules don't have to be adhered to strictly, interuptions acceptable
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6 Listening skills
- Attending-pay attention to message; control environment
- Understanding-decoding message and assign meaning; organize into logical pattern;observe non-verbal cues; ask questions to clarify;paraphrase
- Remembering-repeat, take notes, mnemonics
- Evaluating-separate facts from opinion
- Responding-completes communication process; verbal and nonverbal
- Improve- practice, focus on speaker and message, overcome internal voice by indentifying and paraphrasing or taking notes
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Barriers to listening
- Information overload-ID essential elements of message
- Personal Concerns-focus on speaker and message
- Outside distractions-take control of environment and remove distractions
- Prejudice-focus on message and not messenger
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