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Name the six kingdoms of life. Tell
whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
- Bacteria (prokaryotic)
- Archaea (prokaryotic)
- Protista (eukaryotic)
- Fungi (eukaryotic)
- Plantae (eukaryotic)
- Animalia(eukaryotic)
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How does one distinguish whether an organism is prokaryotic or
eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic cells have organelles. Prokaryotic cells do not.
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Where does the energy to fuel most organisms come from originally?
The sun; photosynthesis
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How do nutrients make their way back into the soil?
Decomposition
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Define ubiquitous
"everywhere"
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What is thought to cause gastric ulcers in humans?
Helicobacter, drugs
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Parasite-
an organism that feeds on another living organism
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Host -
an organism that has a parasite.
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Who invented the microscope?
Leeuwenhoek
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Who introduced the germ theory of disease?
Pasteur
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Who developed a plan to determine whether a particular “germ” caused a specific disease?
Koch
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What type of organism are you? Be
sure to use standard binomial nomenclature.
Homo sapiens
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In a cell culture, a mound of bacteria is called a...
colony
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In lab, we grow bacterial cultures in...
agar
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If you culture something, and get several types of colonies, how can you get pure cultures for identification?
(isolate and reculture)
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What is the difference in magnification and resolution?
Magnification – how big it is
Resolution – how clear the picture is
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What kingdoms of life are made up of
bacteria?
Archae, Bacteria
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Archae that live in swamps and produce
methane are called
methanogens
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Archae that live in extremely salty places
are called
halophile
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Archae that live in very hot places are
called
thermophile
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Rod shaped bacteria are called
bacilli
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Sphere shaped bacteria are called
cocci
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Spiral shaped bacteria are called
spirilla
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Chains of cocci are called
Streptococci
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Clusters of cocci are called
Staphylococci
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Gram-positive bacteria stain
Purple
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Gram-negative bacteria stain
pink
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Bacteria that normally live in the
intestinal tract of animals including humans are called
methanogens
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Bacteria that extract energy from minerals
(no sun needed) are called
Chemoautotroph
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Bacteria that live on the roots of plants
(legumes) and change nitrogen into a usable form are called
nitrogen fixing bacteria
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Bacteria typically reproduce by
binary fission
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When two bacteria bind together and
exchange transfer genetic material, it is called
conjugation
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A long structure that moves bacteria along
is called a
flagella
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Bacteria that feed on dead things are
called
decomposers, detritivores
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Bacteria that use the sunlight as an energy
source are called
Photoautotroph
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Bacteria that cannot survive in the
presence of oxygen are called
Obligate Anaerobes
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Bacteria that can live without oxygen or
with oxygen are called
Facultative Anaerobes
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Bacteria that cannot survive without oxygen
are called
Obligate Aerobes
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Bacteria that grow in hot environments are
called
thermophile
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Drugs that are produced in a laboratory to
fight bacterial infections are called
antibiotics
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How do bacteria develop antibiotic
resistance?
The population evolves into a resistant strain because the bacteria that are not resistant die.
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List 5 things that are useful about
bacteria.
- make antibiotics
- make vitamins
- make insulin
- make cheese, yogurt
- decomposers/recycling
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Why is a virus not considered to be alive?
- It is not cellular.
- It cannot grow, reproduce, etc. without invading a host cell.
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