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The # of weeks since the first day of the LMP
gestation
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A woman who is in her second or any subsequent pregnancy
Multigravida
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Labor that occurs after 42 weeks
Post term labor
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Time between conception and onset of labor
Antepartum
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A woman who is pregnant for the first time
Primigravida
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Any pregnancy, regardless of duration, including present pregnancy
Gravida
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A fetus born dead after 20 weeks
Stillborn
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A woman who has had one birth at more than 20 weeks gestation, regardless of wheather the infant is born alive or dead
Primipara
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A woman who has not given birth at more than 20 weeks gestation
Nullipara
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Labor that occurs after 20 weeks but before the completion of 37 weeks gestation
Pre term labor
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Time from birth until the woman's body returns to prepregnant condition
Postpartum
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A woman who has never been pregnant
Nulligravida
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Birth after 20 wks gestation, regardless of whether the infant is born alive or dead
Para
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The normal duration of pregnancy (38-42weeks gestation)
Term
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A woman who has had two or more births at more than 20 wks gestation
Mutipara
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Time from onset of labor until the birth of the infant and placenta
Intrapartum
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Bluish color or the hands and feet
Acrocyanosis
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Swelling due to maternal hormones
breast enlargement
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Swelling of soft tissues of head and scalp
Caput succedaneum
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Enlargement resulting from bleeding beneath the periosteum
Cephalhematoma
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sign of possible fracture due to delivery trauma
Crepitant feel in clavicles
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Small, shiny, yellow-white nodules on palate
Espstein's pearls
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Small red patches on cheeks or trunk
Erythema toxicum
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tongue thrust
Extrusion reflex
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Line dividing bright red body half from pale body half
harlequin sign
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Fine, downy hair often found on forehead, ears and shoulders
lanugo
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pinnas below level of outer canthus of eyes
low set ears
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protruding tongue
macroglossia
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small white papules caused by blocked sebaceous glands
Milia
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Bluish-black ares on buttocks of dark-skinned babies
mongolian spots
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Widening of nares on respiration
nasal flaring
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thorax pulls inward and abdomen bulges outward
Paradoxical breathing
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protruding tongue
Plethora
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Red areas in eyes due to pressure during delivery
subconjunctival hemorrhages
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Cheesy white substance composed of sebum and skin cells
vernix caseosa
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Yellow discharge from cord
sign of infection
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Formation of antibodies by the pregnant woman in response to illness or immunization
Active acquired immunity
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The contracting force between alveoli
Alveolar surface tension
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Fat deposits in newborns that provide greater heat generating activity than ordinary fat. Found around the kindesys, adrenals and neck;between the scapulas and behind the sternum,
Brown adipose tissue(BAT), aka brown fat
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Adaptation of the newborn's cardiovascular and respiratory systems to life outside the womb.
Cardiopulmonary adaptation
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Loss of heat to a cooler surface by direct skn contact
Conduction
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Loss of heat incurred when water on the skin surface is converted to a vapor
Evaporation
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Intrauterine practice respiratory movements that begin around the 17th-20 wk of gestation
Fetal breathing movements
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The amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
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Infant's ability to diminish innate responses to specific repeated stimuli
Habituation
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The ease with which the lung is able to fill with air
Lung compliance
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Dark green or black material present in the large intestine of a full term infant;the first stools passed by the newborn
meconium
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The first few hours of life, in which the newborn stabilizes his or her respiratory and circulatory functions.
Neonatal transition
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Infant's ability to respond to auditory and visual stimuli in the environment
Orientation
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Transfer of antibodies (IgG) from the mother to the fetus in utero
Passive acquired immunity
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Sporadic episodes of apnea, not associated with cyanosis, that lasts for about 10 seconds and commonly occur in preterm infants
Periodic breathing
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predictable patterns of newborn behavior during the first several hours after birth.
Periods of reactivity
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The initial decline in hemoglobin that has declined during the first 2 months after birth
physiologic anemia of the newborn
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The accelerated destruction of fetal RBC's, impaired conjugation of bilirubin and increased bilirubin absorption from the intestinal tract. This condition does not have a pathologic basis, but rather is a normal biolgic response of the newborn
Psysiologic jaundice
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Newborn care to decrease the probability of high bilirubin levels:
- Maintain the newborn's skin temp at 97.8 or above, cold stress results in acidosis
- Monitor stool for amount and chracteristics. Bilirubin is eliminated in feces;inadequate stooling may result in reabsortion &recylcling of bilirubin. Colostrum has laxative effect
- Encourage early feedings to promote intestinal elimination &bacterial colonization
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Heat loss when heat transfers to cooler surfaces and objects not in direct contact w/body
Radiation
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Infant's ability to use personal resources to quiet and console himself or herself
Self quieting ability
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A substance composed of phospholipid, which stabilizes and lowers the surface tension of the alveoli during extrauterine respiratory exhalation, allowing a certain amount of air to remain the alveoli during expiration
surfactant
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The newborn's physiologic mechanisms that increase heat production
Thermogenesis
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Sum of conjugated (direct) and unconjugated(indirect) bilirubin
Total serum bilirubin
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To maintain life, 2 significant changes must take place immediatly following birth for the lungs to begin adequate functiong:
Pulmonary ventilation must be established through lung expansion
A marked increase in the pulmonary circulation must occur
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Pathologic events whose events may give rise to physioligic jaundice
- Large amounts of bilirubin delivered to the liver
- Defective uptake of bilirubin from the plasma
- Defective conjugation of the bilirubin
- Defect in bilirubin excretion
- Inadequate hepatic circulation
- Increased reabsorption of bilirubin from the intestines
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The signs of physiologic jaundice appear after _____________ hours, differentiating it from pathologic jaundice
24
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A rise in bilirubin beginning after the first week of life, may last from several weeks to several months
Breast milk jaundice
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