chemical substance secreted into circulation by a ductless gland and carried in the blood to another area of the body where it gives a biological response
Where are the following released from:
Steroid hormone
Peptide hormone
Amino acid derived hormones
steroid hormone-derived from cholesterol
peptide hormone-produced from the pituitary gland
amino acid- derived from tyrosine in the throid gland
Major glands of the Endocrine system
anterior and posterior pituitary gland
hypothalamus
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
adrenal gland
pancreas
ovaries
testes
Major organs of Renal system
2 kidneys
2 ureters
bladder
urethra
Major functions of the RENAL system
produce hormones
excrete subtances like drugs
maintain blood volume
help regulate PH of body fluids
Nephrons are replaceable.
True or False
False...they are irreplaceable. they rest until recruited which happens when another nephron becomes dysfunctional
Name the gametes produced by the (fe)male gonads
ovary-ova
testes-sperm
What is the main function of the NERVOUS system
control and organize activities of the body
What is the functional unit of the nervous system
neuron or nerve cell
What are the 2 major parts of the NERVOUS system
CNS- central nervous system
PNS-peripheral nervous system
Whats organs are each part of the NERVOUS system
CNS- brain & spinal cord
PNS- all structures outside the CNS
What % of the body is made up of water
60%
40% inside the cells/20% outside the cells
Where is the water located
in extracelluar fluid which includes plasma and fluid bathing the tissues
what is negative feedback
the body recieves input and produce a subsequent action that contradicts the input
what is micturition
emptying of the urinary bladder
Each nephron is comprised of what
glomerulus,
Bowman's capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
loop of Henle
distal convoluted tubule
what makes blood red
hemoglobin in erythrocytes
smallest unit of skeletal muscle
muscle fiber
what muscle is attached to the skeleton that cause the body to move
skeletal
what part of the neuron recieves impulses
dendrites
2 neurons communicate at a specialized junction called synapse and release what?
acetylcholine
what are examples of stimuli of the PNS
light
temp
fullness
pain
what is the process of forming sperm
spermatogenisis
what are the 8 systems of the body
renal
digestive
cardiovascular
reproductive
muscular
skeletal
nervous
respiratory
what are the 4 basic types of cells
epithelial
muscle
connective tissue
nerve
how many nephrons does the dog kidney have
800,000
thrombocytes: what are the and what do they do
platelets
help in blood coagulation
Erythrocytes: what are they and what do they do
red blood cells
transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and assist in the transportation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the tissues to the lungs.
Leukocytes: what are they and what do they do
white blood cells
help fight infection against disease
what do ribosomes do
synthesis protein
what organ synthesizes the proteins
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
what is the function of the mitochondria
the "powerhouse"
provides the cell with energy neccesary for functioning
what is the function of the neutrophils
"2nd line of defense"
infiltrate injured tissue by moving blood out through capillary walls
PCV
packed cell volume or hemotocrit
endocytosis
Process by which extracellular material enters a cell
Phagocytosis
Endocytosis of large foreign microorganisms and other cells into the cytoplasm of the cell
Pinocytosis
Endocytosis of dissolved soluble molecules into the cytoplasm of the cell
Exocytosis
Process by which the contents of a cytoplasmic vesicle exit the cell
whats the normal hematocrit levels in a horse and dog and what % would signify anemia
horse 35%
dog 46%
cat 37%
anemia = value onder 30%
whats the point of fluid in the pluera cavity
to lubricate reducing friction between the lungs and other structures in the thorax and facilitating movement of the lungs
what organ secretes bile & synthesizes plasma proteins such as albunim?
liver
what is anemia
a decrease in RBC's content and HB content
what are the major plasma proteins
albumin, fibrinogen,and glubulins
what does the ENDOCRINE system secrete
hormones
whats the function of the CARDIOVASCULAR system
transport of nutrients and oxygen and waste products for metabolism
what chemistry values are helpful indicators of liveer problems
low serum proteins (hypoproteinemia)
what causes blood vessels to dialate during inflammation
in response to bacteria and toxins in the tissue, tissue mast cells and basophils secrete histamines. Histamines causes blood vessells to dialate, which increases blood flow to infected area.
what is leukopenia
a decrease in the number of leukocytes
what is leukocytosis
an increase in leukocytes
what is leukemia
an uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal leukocytes and their precursors
wht is polycythemia
an abnormal increase in the number of circulation red blood cells
what tubes/chemicals prevent blood clotting
coating tubes with silicone
adding chelating that remove calcium
add heparin
why is calcium important
for blood coagulation
what is homeostasis
maintenance of relatively constant conditions in their cellular enviroments
mitochondria
cells power house/supplies chemical energy
lysosomes
help break down waste products and aid in digestion
