The flashcards below were created by user
LaurenFleming
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
All of the conventional antipsychotic drugs can cause serious movement disorders called
extrapyramidal symptoms
-
The term ________ refers only to the size of the dose needed to elicit a given response. It has nothing to do with the maximal effect a drug can produce.
Potency
-
Typically the patient with acute dystonia develops _______________________, ____________________, and
___________________.
severe spasm of the muscles of the tongue, face, neck, or back
-
Initial treatment consists of
__________________ medication administration for severe spasm of the muscle of the tongue, face, neck or back
oculogyric crisis; opisthotonos; anticholinergic
-
Neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism is treated with some of the drugs used for Parkinson’s disease. However, ______________ must not be used because it will counteract the beneficial effects of antipsychotic treatment.
levodopa
-
________________ is characterized by pacing and squirming brought on by an uncontrollable need to
be in motion
Akathisia;
-
The three drugs used to suppress symptoms of Akathisia include _____________, __________, and _______________.
beta blockers, benzodiazepines, anticholinergics
-
What is characterized by involuntary choreoathetoid movements of the tongue and face.
Tardive dyskinesia
-
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is characterized by _________________, _________, and
________________.
“lead-pipe” rigidity, sudden high fever, autonomic instability
-
Death can result from ___________,
_________, and __________________.
respiratory failure, cardiovascular collapse, dysrhythmias
-
Antipsychotics increase levels of prolactin, promoting _________________ (breast growth) and
_______________.
gynecomastia, galactorrhea
-
Treatment modalities for depression include_________________________, ________________, and
_______________________.
- pharmacology,
- depression-specific psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy
-
What are the most widely prescribed antidepressants
SSRIs
-
What precautions can be taken to reduce the chances of suicide in the depressed patient?
_______________________________, ______________________, and
_______________________.
Hospitalize the suicidal patient until the treatment has had time to reduce the suicide risk;
do not give the patient access to a large supply of antidepressants;
observe that the antidepressant medication is actually swallowed and not cheeked to save for another time when multiple drugs can be taken at one time
-
Symptoms of acute toxicity or overdose of a TCA drug include
- dysrhythmias, hyperthermia, flushing, dry mouth, dilation of the pupils, confusion, agitation,
- hallucination, seizures, coma
-
What is the mechanism of action of fluoxetine?
It produces selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake, intensifying transmission at serotonergic synapses, thereby promoting CNS excitation rather than sedation.
-
The risk of serotonin syndrome is increased by concurrent use of
an MAOI, ritonavir, other drugs that can increase fluoxetine levels
-
The function of monoamine oxidase in neurons is to
convert monoamine neurotransmitters (i.e., NE, serotonin, and dopamine) into inactive products
-
MAOIs can cause severe hypertension if the patient eats food rich in
tyramine
-
Hypertensive crisis can be treated with intravenous (IV)
phentolamine
-
The most serious adverse effect of bupropion therapy is
seizures
-
The mainstays of drug therapy for bipolar disorder are ______________, __________________, and
______________________.
lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine
-
Types of mood episodes seen in bipolar disorder include___________, ___________, _______________,
and__________________________.
- Pure manic episode (euphoric mania),
- hypomanic episode (hypomania),
- major depressive episode (depression),
- mixed episode
-
The three major groups of drugs used to treat bipolar disorder include
mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics
-
Candidates for electroconvulsive therapy include patients with
psychotic depression, severe nonpsychotic depression, severe mania, rapid-cycling bipolar disorder
-
Patients receiving lithium therapy are advised to maintain a normal intake of foods containing which
electrolyte
Sodium
-
The maintenance levels of lithium should be kept between
0.4 and 1 mEq/L
-
What are the mild analgesics of choice for a patient receiving lithium therapy?
aspirin, sulindac
-
Common side effects that occur at therapeutic levels of lithium therapy include
tremor, goiter, polyuria
-
Agents given to relieve anxiety are known as ____________ drugs or ____________.
antianxiety, anxiolytics
-
Agents given to promote sleep are known as
tranquilizers
-
The three principal indications for benzodiazepines are
anxiety, insomnia, seizure precautions
-
Withdrawal from long-term, high-dose benzodiazepine therapy can result in
panic, paranoia, delirium, hypertension, muscle twitches, outright convulsions
-
Treatment of the patient who overdoses on oral benzodiazepines includes
gastric lavage followed by ingestion of activated charcoal and a saline cathartic;
dialysis maybe helpful if symptoms are severe; the airway should be kept patent and respirations monitored;
blood pressure should be supported with intravenous (IV) fluids and norepinephrine as needed
-
________________ is the first representative of a new class of hypnotics, the pyrazolopyrimidines.
Zaleplon
-
Barbiturates reduce ventilation through
depression of brainstem neurogenic respiratory drive, depression of chemoreceptive mechanisms that control respiratory drive
-
Because of its rapid onset of action, _____________ is an example of a drug that can be used for patients who have difficulty falling asleep
zolpidem;
-
Because of its long duration of
action, ________________ is an example of a drug that is good for patients who have difficulty staying asleep.
estazolam
-
The principal adverse effects of benzodiazepines are
daytime sedation, anterograde amnesia
-
The six major classes of primary anxiety disorders include
- generalized anxiety disorder,
- panic disorder,
- obsessive-compulsive disorder,
- phobic disorder,
- post-traumatic stress disorder,
- acute stress disorder
-
The two classes of drugs used most commonly for anxiety disorders are
benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
-
Three distinct advantages of buspirone include
- it does not cause sedation, it has no abuse potential, it does not intensify the effects of central nervous
- system (CNS) depressants
-
Patients taking buspirone should be cautioned
against consuming which type of food
grapefruit juice
-
Agoraphobia
is a condition characterized by anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or in which help might be unavailable in the event that a panic attack should occur.
-
Behavioral therapy is probably more important in the treatment of ___________ than for any other
psychiatric disorder.
obsessive-compulsive disorder
-
Which class of drugs can benefit patients with performance anxiety?
beta blockers
-
Buspirone levels can be increased by which two drugs?
erythromycin, ketoconazole
|
|