BIOL432 Vertebrate Origins

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What does Protostome mean?

First Opening or Mouth
What does Deuterostome mean?

Second Opening or Anus
What 6 characteristics define the Phylum Chordata?
- Dorsal hollow nerve cord
- Paired pharyngeal slits
- Notochord
- Post-anal tail
- Endostyle
- Segmental muscle blocks
What is the Endostyle analogous to in Humans?

Thyroid Gland
What are two examples of Urochordata?
- Sea Squirts
- Tunicates
What does "Uro" mean?

Tail
Most individuals in Urochordata tend to be what kind of animals?

Sessile marine animals.
What is the main difference between the Larval Form of Urochordata and the Adult Form?
- Larval Form are free-swimming.
- Adult Form are sessile.
How do individuals in Urochordata eat and what is this process called?
- Through gills
- Filter Feeding
What is an example of Cephalochordata?

Lancelets or Amphioxus (Branchiostoma)
What does "Cephalo" mean?

Head
Individuals in Branchiostoma have how many integrated, distinct components in their body?

Two
What are the two body components of individuals in Branchiostoma?
- Somatic
- Visceral
What's another word for Somatic?

Somatopleure
What's another word for Visceral?

Splanchnopleure
What is the Somatic component of Branchiostoma composed of and is it segmented or unsegmented?

Outer muscular portion; segmented
What is the Visceral component of Branchiostoma composed of and is it segmented or unsegmented?

Unsegmented
What's another word for Paedomorphosis?

Heterochrony
What does Heterochrony mean?

Different timing of different features.
What does "Paedo" mean?

Child-Like
What does "Morphosis" mean?

Shape
What does Progenesis mean?

Accelerating the gonads of an individual making it an adult although it resembles a juvenile individual.
What does Neotony mean?

Retard body growth yet gonad will develop normally resulting in a juvenile-looking individual but it is an adult.
What is an example of Neotony?

Salamanders
Why are Salamanders an example of Neotony?

Because Salamanders retain the juvenile feature - gills - yet it CAN reproduce, making it an adult.
Which is more ancestral, Cephalochordates or Urochordates?

Cephalochordates
What characteristics represent Vertebrata?
- Development of specialized heat with paired sense organs.
- Gills used for breathing rather than feeding.
- Muscularizationof gills and circulation.
- Presence of endoskeletal supports for brain & gill slits (formation of Cranium).
What are examples of Agnathans?
- Extinct Ostracoderms
- Lampreys
- Hagfish
What two components make up the Ectoderm?
- Epidermal Placodes
- Neural Crest
What comprises the Epidermal Placodes?

Sense Organs
What comprises the Neural Crest?
- Visceral skeleton
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Sense Organs
What two components comprise the Mesoderm?
- Vertebral skeleton, increased muscularization of viscera.
- Heart, gill muscles, active transport of food & blood.

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BIOL432 Vertebrate Origins

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BIOL432 Vertebrate Origins

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8/31/2011, 4:24:30 AM

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