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Geo
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What does Protostome mean?
First Opening or Mouth
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What does Deuterostome mean?
Second Opening or Anus
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What 6 characteristics define the Phylum Chordata?
- Dorsal hollow nerve cord
- Paired pharyngeal slits
- Notochord
- Post-anal tail
- Endostyle
- Segmental muscle blocks
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What is the Endostyle analogous to in Humans?
Thyroid Gland
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What are two examples of Urochordata?
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What does "Uro" mean?
Tail
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Most individuals in Urochordata tend to be what kind of animals?
Sessile marine animals.
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What is the main difference between the Larval Form of Urochordata and the Adult Form?
- Larval Form are free-swimming.
- Adult Form are sessile.
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How do individuals in Urochordata eat and what is this process called?
- Through gills
- Filter Feeding
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What is an example of Cephalochordata?
Lancelets or Amphioxus (Branchiostoma)
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What does "Cephalo" mean?
Head
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Individuals in Branchiostoma have how many integrated, distinct components in their body?
Two
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What are the two body components of individuals in Branchiostoma?
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What's another word for Somatic?
Somatopleure
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What's another word for Visceral?
Splanchnopleure
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What is the Somatic component of Branchiostoma composed of and is it segmented or unsegmented?
Outer muscular portion; segmented
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What is the Visceral component of Branchiostoma composed of and is it segmented or unsegmented?
Unsegmented
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What's another word for Paedomorphosis?
Heterochrony
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What does Heterochrony mean?
Different timing of different features.
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What does "Paedo" mean?
Child-Like
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What does "Morphosis" mean?
Shape
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What does Progenesis mean?
Accelerating the gonads of an individual making it an adult although it resembles a juvenile individual.
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What does Neotony mean?
Retard body growth yet gonad will develop normally resulting in a juvenile-looking individual but it is an adult.
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What is an example of Neotony?
Salamanders
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Why are Salamanders an example of Neotony?
Because Salamanders retain the juvenile feature - gills - yet it CAN reproduce, making it an adult.
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Which is more ancestral, Cephalochordates or Urochordates?
Cephalochordates
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What characteristics represent Vertebrata?
- Development of specialized heat with paired sense organs.
- Gills used for breathing rather than feeding.
- Muscularizationof gills and circulation.
- Presence of endoskeletal supports for brain & gill slits (formation of Cranium).
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What are examples of Agnathans?
- Extinct Ostracoderms
- Lampreys
- Hagfish
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What two components make up the Ectoderm?
- Epidermal Placodes
- Neural Crest
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What comprises the Epidermal Placodes?
Sense Organs
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What comprises the Neural Crest?
- Visceral skeleton
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Sense Organs
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What two components comprise the Mesoderm?
- Vertebral skeleton, increased muscularization of viscera.
- Heart, gill muscles, active transport of food & blood.
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