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Figurative Language/Figure of speech
(In contrast to literal) has levels of meaning expressed through figures of speech such as personification, metaphor, hyperbole, irony, oxymoron, litote, and others.
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Flashback
(aka Restrospection) an earlier event is inserted into the normal chronology of the narration.
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Genre
a type or class of literature such as epic, narrative, poetry, biography, history.
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Homily
- A sermon, but more contemporary uses include any kind of serious talks, speech or lecture involving moral or spiritual life.
- John Donne was known for his homilies, among other things.
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Hyperbole
overstatement characterized by exaggerated language, usually to make a point or draw attention. If in a state of exhaustion you say, "I'm really beat," that is hyperbole.
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Imagery
- any sensory detail or evocation in a work. The use of figurative language to call to mind an idea, or to describe an object. Basically, imagery involves any or all of the five senses.
- "Her cheeks were rosy and so was my love- bursting with fragrance and softness."
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Inductive reasoning (induction)
the method of reasoning or argument in which general statesments and conclusions are drawn from specific principals: movement from the specific to the general.
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Inference
a conclusion or propostion arrived at by considering facts, observations, or some other specific data.
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Irony
- the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. The intended meaning is often the opposite of what is stated, often suggesting light sarcasm
- "a modest proposal"
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Isocolon
- parallel structure in which the parallel elements are similar not only in grammatical structure but also in length.
- "Many are called, but few are chosen"
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Jargon
- specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group.
- the computer for example has introduced jargon such as geek, crash, interface,down, delete, virus, and bug.
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Justaposition
The location of one thing adjacent to or juxtaposed with another to create an effet, reveal an attitude, or accomplish some other purpose.
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Litote
a figure of speech that emphasizes its subject by conscious understatement- for instance, "not bad" as a comment about something especially well done.
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Loose sentence
- (a term from syntax) a long sentence that starts with its main clause which is followed by several dependent clauses and modifying phrases.
- "the child ran, frenzied and ignoring all hazards, as if being chased by demons."
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Metaphor
- one thing pictured as if it were something else, suggesting a likeness or analogy.
- "it is east and juliet is the sun"
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Metonymy
- a figure of speech in which an attribute or commonly associated feature is used to name or designate something as in "buckingham palace announced today.."
- A Mercedes rear-ended me. The word 'me' stands for the car that the speaker was driving.
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Mode of discourse
- the way in which information is presented in written or spoken form. narration, description, expostition, and argumentation. also personal observation and narrative reflection.
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Mood
a feeling or ambience resulting from the tone of a piece as well as the writer/narrators attitude and point of view.
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Narrative
a mode of discourse that tells a story of some sort and is based on sequences of connected events, usually presented in a straightforward, chronological framework.
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Onomatopoeia
BINGO. BANGO. BONGO.
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Oxymoron
a figure of speech that combines two apparently contradictory elements such as a wise fool,baggy tights, or deafening silence.
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Paradox
- a statement that seems contradictory but may probably be true.
- "fight for peace"
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parallel structure
- the use of similar forms in writing for nouns, verbs, phrases, or thoughts.
- "jane enjoys reading, writing, and skiing."
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Pathos
the element in literature that stimulates pity or sorrow.
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Periodic sentence
- a long sentence in which the main clause isnt completed until the end.
- "the child, who looked as if she were being chased by demons, ignoring all hazards, ran."
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Personification
treating an abstraction or nonhuman object as if it were a person by endowing it with human qualities or features.
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Point of view
the relation in which a narrator/author stands to a subject of discourse.
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