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RBC count
- Adult male = 5.2-5.8
- Adult female = 3.9-5.1
- Older male = 3.8-5.8
- Older female = 3.7-5.3
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Polycythemia
increased RBC count
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Hemoglobin (hgb)
- adult male = 13.2-17.3 g/dL
- adult female = 11.7-15.5 g/dL
- older male = 12.6-17.4 g/dL
- older female = 11.7-16.1 g/dL
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Hematocrit (hct)
- adult male = 37-49%
- adult female = 33-45%
- older male = 36-52%
- older female = 34-46%
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Hematocrit def.
Measure of the amount of space RBCs take up in the blood.
Hemoglobin x3
Increased in pt's w/ burns, dehydration
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White Blood Cell (WBC)
4,500 - 11,000/ mm3
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WBC levels
increases in infection
decreases in autoimmune diseases
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Platelets
150,000 - 450,000/mm3
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Platelet levels
increases in infection and malignancies
decreases in viral infections (AIDS)
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BUN
Blood Urea Nitrogen
14y - adult = 8-21 mg/dL
90+ = 10-31 mg/dL
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Creatine
- adult male = 0.6-1.2
- adult female = 0.5-1.1
decreases with age
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Electrolytes
NA = Sodium
134-145 mEq/L
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Hypernatremia
Increase of NA
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Hyponatremia
- Loss of water
- decrease of NA
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Potassium K+
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Give diluted in 1000 ml of IV fluid
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Kyperkalemia
- increased K+
- Irregular HB, nausea
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Hypokalemia
- Decreased K+
- Lethargy, confusion, thirst, decreased BP
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Increased Ca
Inflammatory diseases of lungs, certain cancers, meds, dehydration, excessive use of Vit. D
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Decreased Ca
Surgery or damage to the parathyroid gland
causes muscle tightening (cramps)
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Fasting glucose
less than 110 mg/dL
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Random glucose
less than 200
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Hemoglobin AIC
HgbAIC
- 4 - 5.5%
- Measure of blood glucose bound to hemoglobin
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Coagulation tests
Prothrombine time (PT)
Measures how effective coumadin coagulates
target is 2-3 seconds
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Coagulation tests
INR
Ratio between the PT result and normal
less than 2 seconds
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Coagulation tests
PTT
Measures effectiveness of heparin
25-39 seconds
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Normal coagulation
10-13 seconds
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Pt's with heart valves
2.5 - 3.5 seconds
target = theraputic level
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